----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dedicated
to Emergency Communications by RADIO
EMCOMM
MONTHLY
Official
Journal of the World Radio Relay League
www.wrrl.org
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VOL. 2 -- No. 12 ONLINE:
www.emcomm.org/em/ May 2006
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SPECIAL
"Spring TEAM
Training" Issue!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The EM PHILOSOPHY
SHORT CIRCUITS -- (Brief
items)
WRRL WINDS -- (WRRL Member News)
FEEDBACK,
MUSINGS... and SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
The EM ADVISOR -- "Q and A"
ICS PERSPECTIVES - Fire
"Season"... Are you ready?
NETWORK NEWS -- "N.E.T.S."
TRAFFIC HANDLING - The Lowly Typewriter
WRRL WORKSHOP - Antenna Matching
RETRO REVIEW - 60 Meters
QSH - Go Team!
SHOW US YOUR SHACK -
Updated!
FEATURE ARTICLE -- ICS WITHIN ARCTS / EMCOMM
EMCOMM SPECIALTY ITEMS -- Stuff for Sale
NEW SUBSCRIBERS and CONTRIBUTORS
SUPPORT OUR SUPPORTERS
REFERENCE and RESOURCE SECTION
NEWS ITEM: "Senate Committee calls for
FEMA to be abolished."
Whether FEMA survives or is replaced by a new
"bigger and better" agency the Incident
Command System will survive. ICS may get renamed
(again), but the concept of a structured
management or "command" system has been around for
thousands of years and is found in all cultures.
It is even found in the animal kingdom!
Rules and codes have been around just about
as long. The Code of Hammurabi and
The Hebrew Torah are over 3,000 years
old. Structure and order are the
foundation of civilization. Now, let's look at how
this applies to emergency communications...and ask this
question:
Deal? Or NO Deal? Do we want a Team
Approach ...or a "Pot Luck" Approach to EmComm?
"An army is a team. It lives, eats, sleeps, fights as
a team. This individuality stuff is a bunch of bull
s***." - General George Patton Jr.
Many years ago I saw a cartoon
that I have never forgotten. It depicted a hook and
ladder truck on its way to a fire. The front of the
truck had made a left turn, and the rear of the truck with
the tillerman aboard, had broken away and was
headed straight down another street. The caption
(captain to engineer) read: "That doggone Fred
and his @#%&* short cuts!"
During an emergency or disaster incident is NOT a
good time to start recruiting, training, form a committee,
or change standard operating procedures (SOP).
An army, a
division, a company. An
engine or truck company. A rescue squad.
An aircraft, ship or NASCAR crew. An Urban
Search and Rescue (USAR) unit. A concert
band or a symphony orchestra. A surgery or
trauma team. These all have one thing in
common. They are all TEAMS!
Mankind learned very
early that an organized and coordinated team
effort is the quickest and most effective way to
accomplish a common goal. What amazes us that
in 2006 there are still some within amateur radio
promoting the idea that "if and when the 'big one'
hits", we'll be able to provide emergency
communications by assembling a group of individual
operators who have never trained or drilled together (and
may not even know each other) to provide emergency
communications. Maybe you (also) have heard
someone say: "We're all licensed...so we'll
know what to do." Dream on....
If amateur radio emcomm ever expects to shed the
image of a bunch of undisciplined "good ol'
boys" from some radio club, whose idea of
training and preparedness is a "once-a-month"
breakfast, something will have to change!
Period!
In the December 2003 issue of QST,
the ARCT Resource Typing System was introduced. It
is designed to bring amateur radio emcomm into
compliance with the ICS/NIMS (National Incident Management
System)*. For the first two years it received
only lukewarm support from the amateur community.
Last year, Katrina and her sisty-uglers came and
went. Currently (as this is being written), tornados
and intense thunder storms are ripping though the U. S.
heartland and a new hurricane season looms imminent.
"Fire season" (if there is such a thing) is at
hand, and earthquakes know no "season".
The notion that we can't change how we do things or make
improvements in our response capability until some agency says
that it's OK, or until someone else grants permission
to go ahead, is a huge mistake. (Or worse yet,
emcomm leaders using that as an excuse to do
nothing.)
It is later than we think. We don't need any more
committees to study the issue(s) and make recommendations. NOW
is the time, for skilled emcomm operators, especially
those who have some leadership ability to get up off their
keisters...and start building an ARCT!
(With all due credit to Mr. Noah).
In December of 2005, the WRRL was formed as a
pro-active organization. One of its primary objectives is
to organize TYPE I ARCTs without any further
delay. Since that was announced in
January, WRRL began the process of certifying TYPE I
ARCT leaders and registering TYPE I ARCTS.
The first TYPE I ARCT in the U.S.A. (based in San
Francisco) is now a reality. Several states, also
now have ARCT plans in the works. WRRL's goal is to
have at least one TYPE I ARCT ready in each of the 10
FEMA Regions by the end of this year. When the
"big ones" hit, we expect to be ready to deploy
TYPE I ARCTs locally, regionally, nationally and maybe
even internationally!
A typical (deployed) T-1 ARCT is composed of 12
skilled and equipped operators capable of establishing a
self-contained "24/7" five (5) station emcomm
traffic net (1 hub/base, and 4 mobile/portable stations deployed
to strategic locations with a potential coverage area of
up to 25,000 sq. miles. (Based upon a 50 mile
radius.) There is no valid reason that enough
skilled and committed emcomm operators (24-30 needed to
form a roster) can't be found and organized in every
major American city and/or state!
All it takes is for someone who is willing to shift from
PARK to DRIVE and that has good leadership
skills and who also is willing to donate some time and
effort, to start building an ARCT in his or her own
city or state! Details at: www.wrrl.org/arct_program/default.asp
The WRRL would be honored to certify any and
all ARCT leader(s) and coordinate deployment from
its dispatch center; HOWEVER, if ARCTs
(same criteria and standards) are formed under some
other "flag"...we would jump for joy!
This SPRING TRAINING issue
of EM is dedicated to methods
for a systematic and coordinated team
approach to amateur radio emergency
communications. - Editor
TEAM PLANNING + TEAM TRAINING +
TEAM SPIRIT + TEAM WORK = MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY and
EFFECTIVENESS
* The final draft of the ARCT
Resource Typing System is in the final approval process
by the NIMS Integration Center. We have been assured
that action will be taken sometime "this
year".
SHORT
CIRCUITS
∙
NEW LATE LOUISIANA TRAFFIC NET
LCW (Louisiana CW Net) has added a "late
session" at 2200 DAILY (Central Time) on 3673
kHz (0300Z summer, 0400Z winter).
(The "late" LCW recently handled
welfare TFC into Missouri because they have a late CW
Net.)
The LCW "early session" remains
at 1830 Central Time on 3673 kHz.
3673 kHz is also an emergency and watch frequency
for Louisiana.
(via Frank Thrash,
W4DLZ, WRRL 18 - Metairie, LA)
∙
UPDATE: Broadband Deployment in California
While the BPL problem is being addressed
at the federal level by the ARRL - National Association for
Amateur Radio, we mention this here as an "FYI"
since it could have an adverse impact on emergency
communications everywhere. BEWARE: There is an old saying:
"As California goes...so goes the nation!"
Details at:
http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/static/telco/reports/broadbandreport.htm -
(Thanks to Bruce Webb, AD6RV, Lookout, CA)
∙
WORLDRADIO
Jerry Wellman, W7SAR has
an excellent article "Keeping it Simple
Encourages Volunteerism" in the May issue
of WorldRadio. www.wr6wr.com
(He also includes some
favorable comments about EM and the WRRL.)
∙ UPDATE:
UNIVERSAL RADIOGRAM MESSAGE TRAFFIC HANDLING DVD
The first production run (25 copies) of our Message
Traffic Handling Training DVD is sold out.
We have ordered 50 additional copies and they should be
ready in a couple of weeks. You can order now
and they will be shipped on a "first-come,
first-served" basis. (We will not
deposit your check or money order until yours is shipped.)
The DVD training video features D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, teaching
the class. The session was taped live by Paul Peterson
(K6PTT) on October 29, 2005, at the U.S.F.S. facility at
Redding, CA . As you watch it, you'll feel like you
are actually in the classroom. DW begins with a review
of the history of communications beyond the horizon,
followed by a thorough explanation of the "whys and
wherefores" of basic message handling. Essential
information for all emcomm operators is presented in a
palatable way. The video includes a brief overview of the
ICS. Thanks to Robert Jackson (KB6YTD) of Weaverville,
CA, the audio and video quality is good. Disclaimer:
This is not your usual scripted, studio, well-rehearsed, and
edited training video--it is raw and unedited and it
includes flub-ups, bloopers, jokes, as well as unsolicited
comments! There are a few "glitches" that could
not be remedied; however, it is not necessary to adjust your
player or TV when you encounter them, but rather just let
the video run. Not rated. 155 minutes. $10.00
(includes postage and shipping) - $15.00 for two DVDs to
same address. Send check payable to: EMCOMM, P.O.
Box 99, Macdoel, CA 96058 NOTE:
This RADIOGRAM DVD is copyrighted. Contact us for
permission to copy for non-commercial use only.
DVD FEEDBACK:
"The DVD is excellent!!! You did a great job
with that workshop! I got a lot out of it and
learned more about message handling. My only recommendation
would be divide some parts of the workshop into DVD
chapters." - Larry Sutter, WD6FXR, Sacramento, CA
"A very good source of information on the DVD.
It answered a lot of issues such as: the word X-RAY, time
stamping, and use of the word EMERGENCY in test
messages. Most of all it will (hopefully) get everyone
using the same format everywhere, since there has been a lot
of the confusion since day one."
- Bob Hutcherson, KO6JT, Anderson, CA
"I finished the Radiogram DVD. It was so
beneficial for me, perhaps in ways you wouldn't expect.
I am a new ham and much came over as 'culture' or
'between-the-lines' kinds of things and are fascinating
to me. The really good things:
-- The 'tests' you conducted requiring the actual copying of
messages (and hearing how you 'transmit' them) was the most
valuable part of the session for me.
-- The 'Maguro' phonetic thing was most humorous...and also
very instructive.
-- The ITU phonetics (example): 'Juarez' for 'W' was also
funny and instructive.
-- The 'It doesn't matter what mode...the format is the
same' is a very important take-home message.
-- Obviously, you cannot overemphasize the effort to 'undo'
preconceptions many probably hold (especially newbies) with
respect to message traffic handling, and that consistency
and formatting is everything." - Sharon McLennan, KM7S,
Waldport, OR
(For additional DVD comments read FEEDBACK below)
∙-∙-∙
"WRRL
WINDS" (WRRL MEMBER NEWS)
∙ FIRST
WRRL "BAY STATE" STATION
When
Hyrum H. Huskey, Jr., KB1KRS, WRRL 133 of Turners Falls,
Massachusetts "signed on" with the WRRL, he
wrote on the bottom of his application: "Why not a member in
Massachusetts?" Well, Hyrum, we also say "why
not"? And you now have the distinction of
being the 1st WRRL Station in the Bay State and you
are now one part of an emerging worldwide radio relay
network that the WRRL is building...one
station at a time. Stations that are maintained by trained
operators that are serious about, and committed to, public
service and emergency communications; and who know how to use
time-tested good old fashioned radio gear and radio procedures.
To see which states, provinces, and countries, that are
waiting for their first WRRL station...see the next item.
∙ NEW WRRL STATION MAP NOW ONLINE
As TYPE I ARCTS are being planned and formed around the
country, the WRRL continues to expand its network of emcomm
traffic stations. A map showing the approximate
location of WRRL stations can be seen at:
http://www.wrrl.org/map/
-- Thanks to Mike McCardel, KC8YLD, WRRL 41, Danville, OH;
Zach McCardel, KC8YLE, Howard, OH; and Bill Frazier, W7ARC, WRRL 3,
Lynnwood, WA for developing and maintaining this
project.
NOTE: The WRRL does not post the physical addresses of its members
without their permission. Therefore the map is based
upon postal zip code coordinates which is accurate enough for
propagation and net coverage purposes.
∙
WRRL
MEMBER'S PATCHES (view at: www.wrrl.org/supplies.asp
) are now in stock. One for $5, two for $8 or three for
$10 (postpaid to one address). Make checks payable to WRRL.
Recommended display is on left sleeve 3/4"
below shoulder seam of shirt or jacket. Other acceptable
placements for the patch are on a removable armband or on a black
baseball style cap or black "mil-spec" beret.)
∙ WRRL
LOGO RUBBER STAMP
A WRRL LOGO rubber stamp is now available. Use
on envelopes, QSL cards, letters, etc. It is like our
"globe logo" except it has
www.wrrl.org
below the globe.
View at:
http://www.wrrl.org/supplies.asp
Since they are fairly expensive, we are offering
them at our cost. (However, you may include a little
extra as a donation if you are feeling rich!). Order an
Ideal® 400R, 1-5/8" diameter,
self-inking stamp for $19.95 + 2.00 postage; or a knob
handle wood stamp for $13.95 + $2.00 postage.
Make checks payable to: WRRL. Send to: WRRL,
P.O. Box 99, Macdoel, CA 96058. Allow about two
weeks for delivery.
∙ WRRL
MEMBER LISTS
Lists of WRRL members by number, state, and call sign are
updated monthly and are posted on
www.wrrl.org
The two digit member numbers
are gone. We only hope that by this time next year we
are saying "the three digit numbers are gone"!
Our goal? 600 WRRL STATIONS...and
at least one fully capable TYPE I ARCT in each FEMA
REGION in 2006.
∙
WRRL CALL SIGN: W7RRL
W7RRL has been issued to The World Radio Relay League.
It is authorized for use during special events and
incidents.
∙
Check www.wrrl.org
for updates and information between issues of EM
∙-∙-∙
FEEDBACK,
MUSINGS... and SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
OUT OF AFRICA:
Greetings from HAMNET South Africa. You have a great site.
Keep up the good work. I am situated in Worcester, about
an hours drive from Cape Town in South Africa. I am also the
Assistant Provincial Director for Training and Liaison for the
Western Cape, as well as the National Training Manager for
HAMNET. Do you have any problems if we use some your
material as training aids? It would be greatly
appreciated. - Pierre Tromp, ZS1HF
REPLY: Greetings from the Lazy T Ranch in Northern
California where Spring has FINALLY arrived! I see that
Worcester is about 34° south latitude so you are not as far
south as I am north. But I imagine that you are now moving
into a cooler weather cycle. You are welcome to use any of
our materials for training. We would appreciate it if
you would mention: "Courtesy of EMCOMM MONTHLY and the WRRL"
I like the HF in your call sign. Was that a chance
happening, or does SA have a "vanity" call sign
program? One of the goals of the WRRL is to have
world-wide network of emcomm traffic DX stations.
Unfortunately, most DXers are not interested in traffic
handling. A few WRRL stations been on 14.280±
ssb on Mondays around 1945 UTC. Listen
"down" for W4DLZ, New Orleans (LA); AF5G, Kingman
(AZ); and K6SOJ, Macdoel (CA). - Editor
FROM THE BLUE GRASS STATE:
Two things that you might mention at some point in traffic handling
training:
1. ARL Numbered Radiograms MUST ALWAYS be converted to plain
text for delivery or when transferred outside US Amateur Radio
circuits -- including when transferred to MARS circuits. There
is very little that is worse than someone "delivering" a
message that consists of a Numbered Radiogram where neither the
addressee nor the person making delivery knows the meaning. I
have personally received such messages overseas from MARS stations
who did not know the meaning and did not have a copy the ARRL list
in their station documents.
2. ARL Numbered Radiograms that include blanks should have the
information for the blanks included. Otherwise the message
makes very little sense when translated into plain text. - Tom
Currie, N4AOF, Jefferson County, Kentucky
COMMENT: Both points are valid. The
traffic training sessions we are involved in typically refer to the
ARRL Methods and Procedures Guidelines, which is still probably the most
comprehensive reference material on this subject currently
available. If anyone cares to read it the proper use and
handling of ARL Numbered radiogram texts is fully covered.
ARRL NUMBERED RADIOGRAM texts (FSD-3), and the ARRL
“Disaster Welfare Message" form (FSD-244) may have some
value; but just saying it with plain words and paring a
message text down to a few essential words, no more-no
less, works just as well or better; and may move faster. Saying
it with plain words also avoids any "decoding" problems
that may exist during the final delivery where an
insufficiently trained operator who does not have the decode list
gets involved. - Ed "FB" Trump, AL7N - Traffic Editor and
Alaska Correspondent
EDITOR'S
COMMENT: IS-100 says: "Codes should not be
used in radio transmissions."
FROM THE KEYSTONE STATE:
Re. your RADIOGRAM TRAINING DVD: Content was
good after you were able to filter out the background noise made
by the attendees. Some editing of the off hand conversations
would be a great help. Did not have a good introduction to
different sections and fields of the ARRL form. If
reviewed by folks with no prior knowledge of ARRL format, they
would have a problem figuring out word count, especially with 'ARL'
numbers and X. More test messages would help.
Over all I would give a 7 out of 10 score. The price
was certainly fair. The DVD is certainly going in the right
direction for teaching EmComm.
I spent 3 weeks in Mississippi after Katrina (Hattiesburg &
Gulfport) and we certainly didn't have the structure to run
Packet, much less WinLink®. Nearly all our traffic
was informal except for shelter supply requests. - Jack
Dellinger, N3BQB, York, PA
COMMENT: Thanks for your comments Jack.
"7 out of 10" isn't half-bad. In baseball that's
a batting average of .700 ! Our hope
is that the RADIOGRAM DVD will at least stimulate interest in
proper traffic handling and all emcomm operators will improve
their skills and increase in number. I intentionally
avoid emphasizing the "ARRL" or "NTS" form.
It is knowing and using the universal format that
is important. Thanks again for your feedback. - EM
∙-∙-∙
THE
EM ADVISOR
The
staff of EMCOMM MONTHLY is happy to
answer your questions to the best of our ability. Some are
"FAQs" (Frequently Asked Questions) and others are
of a specific nature. Each month we will answer questions that
may have value to other serious emcomm radio operators.
Technical questions are forwarded to our Technical Advisor, Ed Ewell,
K7DXV. Questions about our ARCT program or ICS/NIMS are
forwarded to Jerry Boyd, N7WR. Others may be forwarded to
other staff members. Questions regarding EMCOMM in general are
usually handled by D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ. Some will wind up on
our FAQ page at: http://www.wrrl.org/faq.asp
Before submitting a question, we ask our readers to
check that page first...to see if it might have been
"fielded" before. Also, please consider checking our
site search page at: http://www.emcomm.org/search.htm
to see if your question may have been previously addressed in EMCOMM
MONTHLY. Thank you.
Q: Does the WRRL
have any "MOUs" with any other NGOs (non-government
agencies)?
A: NO. The WRRL
sees little reason for, or value in, these paper
"Memoranda of Understanding" with other NGOs.
WRRL is an NGO in its own right and we see
no reason to ride along on the coat tails of others. WRRL's
mission is to provide emergency communications to
anyone (whether they are wearing a Salvation
Army uniform, a Red Cross patch, a fire or police badge,
or no insignia at all) that has a message to send.
All we need to know is: to whom and where is it going and what is the
precedence?
Q: I
often see the term skilled operator in
EM. What is your definition of a "skilled
operator"? - Sharon McLennan, KM7S, Waldport, OR
A: The term
skilled operator is what we use instead of the once popular
term: proficient operator. The dictionary
defines proficient as: "well advanced in an art,
occupation, or branch of knowledge." Perhaps proficient
originated as combination of two words: professional and efficient.
But somewhere along the way, the term proficient operator
somehow became passé or old fashioned, and went
the same way as quality service, a day's work for a day's pay,
a square meal, and self-discipline.
On the other hand, a first class lid once said: "The
FCC rules are only guidelines and no one has the right to tell
other operators how they should, or should not, operate
on-the-air."
But as far as we are concerned, skilled
operator implies a radio amateur who knows and observes
the rules and is: "advanced in both the
communications and technical phases of the art."
(Ref. FCC Part 97.1c). This can only be achieved
by training and practicing with other skilled
operators.
Here are a few indicators of a "skilled
operator":
1. Has written language
skills at least at the 12th grade level.
2. Has effective verbal
communication skills.
3. Knows and practices proper
net operating procedures, always uses good net etiquette,
and avoids "CB style and ham slang or jargon".
4. Understands the importance of
keeping a radio log and other records.
5. Knows how to properly format, relay,
and deliver a universal RADIOGRAM, in at least one
mode.
6. On phone uses standard prowords and
procedures and knows and uses ITU Phonetics.*
(Note: This year marks the 50th
anniversary of the current standardized phonetics.
7. Knows and uses "Q" signs
appropriately when using the Morse language.
8. Knows and understands propagation
patterns for time of day, range, season, cycle, etc.
9. Understands and uses NVIS
propagation for regional communications.
10. Knows how to properly "tune"
(match) an antenna...especially makeshift.
11. Can make, hook up and match simple
antennas, rig up auxiliary power supply systems, and make simple
repairs.
12. Understands his (or her) own physical and
mental limitations and knows when to ask for help.
A:
ZULU time (UTC) is the universal
standard for message traffic. However, if the
originator and addressee are in the same time zone (beware, some
local areas may include two different time zones) "local
time" is acceptable for informal and/or tactical
messages as long as it is be clearly stated and/or
written. (PST, PDT, etc.) Also...ALWAYS use the 24
hour system whether using local or ZULU time. (I prefer
the term "ZULU" over "UTC".
"Z" is shorter to send in Morse, and ZULU is easier to
say and comes through better on voice circuits.)
In a message preamble, when a time of origin
(optional) is stated, ZULU is the universal
standard. (No mistaking which time zone.)
Remember, ZULU time must always match the ZULU date. E. g.
- In our time zone (Pacific) at 1600 PST and 1700 PDT the date becomes
tomorrow's date until 2400 local.
When delivering a message to an
addressee the time(s)and date(s) may be converted to
local time. (This subject is addressed in the
RADIOGRAM TRAINING DVD.)
Q: Have you addressed
the issue of redundancy? Especially with the avian flu
threat we have to understand that none of us are
indispensable. Who is your backup? What happens to EMCOMM
MONTHLY if you and your staff are out of
commission? Not questions we like to ask, but essential
ones.
Also, in an ARCT is the leadership spread around? Is
everyone cross-trained? Maybe you have already
addressed this in a past issue that I might have missed.
If so, please point me to that discussion.
Here in VT we are trying to get ARES and RACES to be more
integrated*. A slow process. Amateur radio emcomm will
never be a military-type structure -- just the nature of hams as
volunteers. But I do believe that each area can use some
of the structures available and evolve their own unique way of
working that respects the local conditions and the nature of the
various folks involved. - Jane English, KD6PCE, Calais, Vermont
A: Regarding the
future demise of myself (or other key players):
Yes, I think about it a lot. When that
happens...someone will either take the helm...or not.
EM and WRRL
would either change (depending upon whoever takes helm) or
fade out into the ether. Either way, the knowledge and
training that we (the entire team) have imparted will
endure...at least for awhile. The ARCT Resource Typing
system does not belong to anyone...and as long as it continues
our efforts will not have been in vain.
Concerning "Amateur radio emcomm will never be a
military-type structure." Unfortunately you may be
right. Especially if we continue to allow emcomm to
be run as if it were a hobby. ( I once drove 100 miles
to attend an amateur radio club meeting. To my
consternation the featured speaker was a representative form
the local garden society. I have nothing against
flowers...but someone got off the boat a long, long, time
ago!)
One of the problems I have observed is that those few younger
hams that are interested in public service are busy with
school or work or family. Middle aged (I prefer the
term "pre-retirement") operators are busy with
keeping their job, building a retirement nest egg, and often
caring for elderly parents, grand kids, and even
"adult children". (Is that an oxymoron or
what?) Very few hams who have somehow managed
to reach retirement age are "gung-ho" about
volunteer work. Especially if it involves any
significant time or skill level commitments. Add to this
declining health and the popularly promoted notion that
"it's only a hobby" and emcomm leaders aren't left
with much to work with!
It is far too early to tell at present, but deploying
pre-formed amateur radio emcomm teams (as
opposed to a "pot-luck" approach), by
using the ARCTS Resource Typing System, will
serve as an early indicator as to whether or not
emcomm operators are interested in, and/or serious about, providing
emcomm in a more organized and effective manner. The
WRRL has taken it one step farther by recruiting, certifying
TYPE I ARCT leaders and establishing a national
dispatch center.
There is nothing new about the team concept in
disaster response. It is used by
medical response teams (DMATs), Urban Search and Rescue (USAR),
and much more. But there is no valid reason that at
least some amateur radio emcomm operators cannot
step-up-to-the-plate, and start moving away from the
"bunch of good old boys" approach! Sure, not
every emcomm operator will be interested, available, or
able to accept a field assignment, but that doesn't mean they
can't be a team player in a supportive role.
A command structure (as in ICS/NIMS) dates back at least
4,000 years. And it is not solely a
"military-type structure". Structure and
teamwork just as important for success in the civilian
world whether it's a little league team or a World
Series champion. The same holds true for a grammar
school play or a major Hollywood movie. It applies to
two people in a canoe, an America's Cup crew, or the
U.S.S. Enterprise. Whether it's an emergency
department trauma team, in business or
industry, or any other endeavor that involves two or more
people with a common objective. In fact, structure
and organization is even found throughout the animal
kingdom!
Leadership, teamwork and training are the keys
to success! The allied invasion of Europe on June
6, 1944 was carefully planned and organized.
Thousands of lives were at stake. General Dwight D.
Eisenhower was the conductor of this carefully orchestrated
event. Without leadership, training, tactics, support,
and teamwork...the "D" in D-Day could have forever
stood for DISASTER!
The "T" in ARCT stands for teamwork (team +
work). And while all ARCTs will have some team
members who are specialists, everyone must be
"cross-trained" to at least some degree (including
leadership skills). The notion that "we'll just
call up a bunch of hams from some list" with
the belief that somehow they'll get the job done when an
emergency or disaster hits is a huge mistake. That is
why EM and the WRRL
promote structure, leadership, and teams that play and train
together, in order to maintain a state of readiness.
Planning is also essential, however plans must not be
overly rigid. A well-written plan provides a
structure to navigate within yet allows for some
flexibility. If flexibility is appropriate, and a
decision is needed, that is when knowledgeable leaders
who can think on their feet and who are not
afraid to act are essential! - EM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Refer to: "Can ARES and RACES be
combined?" - ECWB No. 167 July 15, 2003 -
http://www.emcomm.org/archives/number167.htm
∙-∙-∙
ICS
PERSPECTIVES - by
Jerry Boyd, N7WR
Baring something urgent, once again I will be taking the summer
(June, July & August) off from writing this column. I was
asked last year why I take time off during what, in many places, is
the height of wild land fire season. Why, I was asked, don’t
I provide fire-related Emcomm tips during the summer period. Here
are a couple of reasons: In the midst of fire season is
not the time to acquire training just like it is not the time to
gain weather emergency training during hurricane or tornado
“season”. That needs to be done well in advance. Second, I
take the time off because it is fire season and being in the public
safety communications business I may, likely, be very busy during
the summer months. Plus, even if we are not busy with
incidents it is repair and maintenance time for the 24 repeaters in
our county-wide radio system---many of which are not easy to get to
for up to seven months a year.
Speaking of maintenance, while it is not an ICS topic, a seasoned
Emcomm type once made an excellent suggestion and for what it’s
worth I’ll pass it on. You know how the fire service urges
folks to change the batteries in their smoke detectors twice a year
(when most of us change our clocks ahead or back one hour)? He
suggested that the same times each year we also check our Emcomm
gear, specifically those that operate on batteries, to insure its
readiness for the months to come. Are your HT batteries
capable of holding full charge or are they aging and in need of
replacement. Do you have a “clamshell” pack for dry cell
batteries to use with the HT if there is no way to recharge during a
mission? Check the “rubber duck” antenna on your HT.
Is it getting cracked and near the breaking point? Do you use
a speaker mic? Is the “pin hole” opening for transmit
audio clogged with dirt and in need of cleaning? The list
could go on. The point is, now is the time to prepare for what
could happen during the next six months. See you in the Fall.
73 from NE Oregon de N7WR
∙-∙-∙
NATIONAL EMCOMM
TRAFFIC SERVICE (N.E.T.S.)
The NATIONAL EMCOMM
TRAFFIC SERVICE uses designated watch and calling
frequencies. Public service-
amateur radio operators everywhere are invited to monitor these
frequencies whenever possible. But when disasters or
other incidents occur, emcomm operators are asked to warm up
their radios and "light up" the NATIONAL EMCOMM
TRAFFIC SERVICE..."24/7". Active operators know
which bands are most likely to be "open" depending
upon the time of day, season, etc.
During disasters and for other emergencies the frequencies
are "open nets". When traffic becomes heavy
they will become "command and control" frequencies with
a net control station "triaging traffic" and directing
stations with traffic to another (traffic) frequency. (At
least 5 kHz away.) Proper net procedures are
essential.
NETS does not maintain regular schedules
and does not handle routine "make work"
messages such as birthday greetings, "your license is about
to expire", "book messages", etc.) NETS
is intended to supplement and fortify other
networks by providing a vehicle for EmComm operators to
originate, relay and deliver legal radio message traffic
(i.e. - "first class mail") of any precedence, at any
time, from and to anyone and anywhere--especially during
disasters or other crises. NETS stations will cooperate
and use other networks that are known to be capable of
accurately and efficiently handling RADIOGRAMS.
NATIONAL EMCOMM TRAFFIC SERVICE (NETS) WATCH • MONITOR
• CALLING • TRAFFIC FREQUENCIES
All listed frequencies (except 60 meters) are
nominal. Actual nets may be up or down as
much as 20 kHz.
SSB:
• 1982 kHz (May be activated during incidents.)
• 3987 kHz (And down because most "RACES"
activity is above 3.990.)
• 5332 kHz "Up" to other 60M channels as
necessary. 50W maximum ERP. (Activated during actual incidents.)
• 7244 kHz (up)
• 14280 kHz (up)
• ALASKA ONLY: 5167.5 kHz (USB emergency traffic only)
CW:
• 1911 kHz (May be active during
incidents.)
• 3711 kHz
• 7111 kHz
• 10119 kHz (NOTE CHANGE FROM 10109 kHz)
• ALASKA 3540/7042/14050 kHz
VHF/UHF FM
• ARES® 146.55 MHz
• ARES®/Red Cross 147.42 MHz
• NATIONAL CALLING (and Wilderness Protocol) 146.52 MHz
• WILDERNESS PROTOCOL (ref. June 1996 QST, page 85).
Primary frequency: 146.52 MHz (FM simplex). Secondary frequencies:
446.0, 223.5, 52.525
and 1294.5 MHz. All stations (both fixed, portable or mobile)
monitor the primary (and
secondary if possible) frequency(s) every three hours starting at
7:00 am local time, for five
minutes (7:00-7:05 AM, 10:00-10:05 AM, etc.) Additionally,
stations that have sufficient
power resources monitor for five minutes starting at the top of
every hour, or continuously."
NOTES:
1. "Up" or "down" should be in
increments of 3-5 kHz SSB (except 60M); 1-2 kHz minimum CW.
2. If traffic is heavy, nearby frequencies should be designated by
NCS at least 5 kHz away from NC.
3. 60 METER BAND (USB):
CH NOMINAL CARRIER
A 5332kHz 5330.5kHz
B 5348kHz 5346.5kHz
C 5368kHz 5366.5kHz
D 5373kHz 5371.5kHz
E 5405kHz 5403.5kHz (common US/UK)
Some of the frequencies listed may be on our near other established
net frequencies.
As a matter of operating courtesy always move up or
down a few kHz to avoid QRM when a frequency is in use.
TRAFFIC HANDLING
“For want of a letter, a word was
lost.
For
want of a word, the message was lost.
For
want of a message, a life was lost.”
Q: "Several issues
came up at our local ARES® meeting and I wish to seek your
opinion on one of these matters. Here is the scenario:
Operator "A" receives a message from operator
"B" and both agree on the check. Operator
"A" will have to forward that message by a digital
mode. He finds that the mode he is going to use will not
accept certain characters, letters, or whatever. Is it
then acceptable for him to revise that portion of the message to
enable it to be sent digitally as long as the content or the
meaning of the message is not in any way affected? This
however might change the word count.
Another thing that was brought up was that on the ARRL radiogram
form there is very little room beneath the text portion for a
"from" signature. Most of the traffic we pass is from
an official and his title is to be placed under or following his
name. I realize this is a minor problem but I had made up
a RADIOGRAM form following the ARRL pattern and I had
left even less space for the signature. I guess the league
thinks that the largest volume of traffic would be from one
individual to another and not some lengthy official title.
Let me know your thoughts on the first subject."
A: The answer to
the first question is an emphatic NO.
The message text NEVER
changes between originator and the addressee. Regarding:
"...the mode he is going to use will not accept certain
characters, letters, or whatever." The rule always
has been and still is: no punctuation.
BTW...What characters and what mode will not handle English
letters and Arabic numbers?
The reverse is also true. Messages originated by a digital
station must be in the standardized universal RADIOGRAM
format if traffic is ever going to be expected to flow
smoothly. Just because a message originates in one
mode...doesn't mean it will not need to be passed along in
another mode!
I suggest that group order our RADIOGRAM TRAINING
DVD and schedule some classes. (It will probably
take two sessions).
In review: Forget "the form". It's the universal
RADIOGRAM FORMAT that is important! Use
plain paper. BREVITY is important. And if
the originator must sign with his or her
l-o-n-g "official title" we must accept that.
(BTW: The more important and well known a person is...the
shorter is his/her title.) See the example
below...and take a look at: http://www.emcomm.org/products/images/stamp_impression.jpg
--------------------------------------------------
4 R K6SOJ 10 MACDOEL CA NOV 28
BRIAN ROBERTS
127 MAIN ST
LOOKOUT CA 91110
516 444 3987
BRING 160M G5RV TO USFS
LOWER CREEK CAMPGROUND
TOMORROW BY
0900
ELMER GOODE HEAD HONCHO AND BIG CHEESE
SUPERVISOR DISTRICT FORTY ONE SECTION EIGHT
-------------------------------
THE LOWLY
TYPEWRITER
One item that every EMCOMM
STATION (whether home or field) should have available is a
portable (non-electric) typewriter. These can
often be found in your attic or basement, at yard sales,
flea markets, thrift shops, and of course on "eBay".
Finding replacement ribbons for these gems can be tricky.
(Forget OFFICE DEPOT and STAPLES.) Small “mom and pop”
stationary stores often have NOS (new old stock) ribbons and
will be glad to sell one (and a spare) to you.
For more discussion along these lines you may want to read
"WHEN THE RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD" from
ECWB #149 11 March 2003 at:
THE “TRAFFIC HANDLER’S MANTRA”
(Recite often to help remember the eight parts in preamble):
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy •
Priority • Traffic • Delayed”
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority •
Traffic • Delayed”
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority •
Traffic • Delayed”
NUMBER • PRECEDENCE • HX
• STATION OF ORIGIN • CHECK •
PLACE OF ORIGIN • TIME • DATE
SUGGESTION:
To help you to memorize the eight parts of the preamble, RECITE
the "Traffic Handlers Mantra" often:
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy •
Priority • Traffic • Delayed”
ASSESS your current traffic handling skill, take
the "TRAFFIC HANDLER’S CHALLENGE" at:
www.emcomm.org
(main page)
∙-∙-∙
THE WORKSHOP
EASY "DO-IT-YOURSELF"
PROJECTS FOR EMCOMM OPERATORS
(Jeff Montgomery, WB4WXD, Palestine, TX
sent the item below. It's kind of a "reverse method"
of making a wire antenna resonant.)
Dear
EMCOMM MONTHLY and
EMCOMM.ORG:
Thanks for a great site and the push towards an emcomm educated
ham radio population. I have really enjoyed the pages and
have learned a lot. One neat thing was the dipole calculator
at:
http://www.emcomm.org/antenna/design.htm
An older ham (elmer) told me about another process to make
a wire dipole that has never failed me. I get a
low SWR by only making two cuts. No
prune and check, prune and check, etc.
Example: Suppose I want a dipole for 7.2 MHz.
The formula tells me to use 468 ÷ 7.2 = 65 feet. I
cut my dipole and the measured resonant frequency is
7.1 MHz. The traditional method is to remove a few
inches off each side and slowly bring the antenna to
resonance.
Here's the other method. Take the 65 feet and multiply it
by the 7.1 actual resonant frequency and get a new multiplier of
461.5 which is the actual constant for this antenna application.
Run the formula again with this new number 461.5 ÷
7.2 = 64.1 for the proper dipole length. Thus 65 ft.
minus 64.1 feet = .9 feet. .9 feet times 12 inches
(per foot) is approximately 10.8 inches. Take a little less than
5 and 1/2 inches off each side and the antenna WILL be resonant
on 7.2.
This method takes into account frequency, height, soil
conductivity, nearby objects, and so on. All factors are
now built into the new constant.
BUT REMEMBER: The constant is only
accurate for that antenna and at that location.
RETRO REVIEW -
“EMCOMM viewed through the Retrospect-O-Scope”
An
EM basic studies training module
Last month we reviewed: GUIDELINES FOR OPERATIONS ON
THE TOP BAND (160M)
This month we revisit: "GETTING ON
6O METERS - LEGALLY”
(Condensed from the original four part series by
Ed Ewell, K7DXV in ECWB No. 162 to 165 2003)
THE 60 METER BAND OPERATOR’S GUIDE
Nominal Channel Amateur
Tuning Frequency (On your dial)
5332kHz
5330.5kHz
5348kHz
5346.5kHz
5368kHz
5366.5kHz
5373kHz
5371.5kHz
5405kHz
5403.5kHz (common US/UK)
1. No specific frequency tolerance is specified, however
international Radio Regulations suggest deviating no more than 50 Hz
from the assigned frequency in this band.
(Transmitters that have a TCXO (temperature compensated crystal
oscillator), or are crystal controlled are accurate to within
±20 Hz with temperature changes.)
2. Keep our audio within 2.8 kHz wide so the audio range should be
200 Hz to 2800 Hz for a total bandwidth of 2.6 kHz. (Watch speech
processors and certain brands of microphones.)
3. Before transmitting, be sure are you on the proper frequency,
upper sideband (USB), with power at 50 watts maximum effective
radiated power (ERP).
4. Remember that the 60 Meter frequencies are five
pre-determined channels.
5. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
call these channels, “the Channel Center Frequency”. The
Amateur Tuning Frequency is the actual carrier channel frequency our
radio has to transmit on. This is the dial frequency on the dial or
printed on the crystal in our radio. I would recommend that all
instructions and training material list only the Tuning Frequency
(dial frequency), because this is what is on the dial (readout) of
our equipment.
6. The Channel Center Frequency will always be correct provided we
are on the proper side band. What I am saying is we have to
keep it simple in terms. The radio operator should not have to
figure out where to be tuned to. (The Tuning Frequency will
always be 1.5 kHz below the Channel Center Frequency). Record
and keep handy all channels as they will appear on your dial.
(Ref. above table)
As a non-TCXO radio warms up, the oscillator may change frequency
and this will change the accuracy of your dial. Your dial may
indicate 5330.5 kHz, however the carrier transmitted will be perhaps
5330.6 kHz. The radio has to be calibrated and stay on
frequency with temperature changes. For example, my Kenwood TS440S
may move up as much as 100 Hz as it warms up, or as the temperature
changes. This is unacceptable on 60 meter band “channels”.
All rigs should have their dial calibration checked regularly, I
check my radios each year and they remain fairly accurate. If your
radio has the high stability option (TCXO) your radio will be very
stable. Get ready to spend $150 to $180 dollars for this option.
A transmitter with TCXO is stable enough for 60 meters and, if
calibrated correctly, will be “within spec.”
Here is an easy and quick method to check your transceiver’s dial
calibration:
1. Let your rig warm up at least 30 minutes.
2. Tune in WWV, any frequency that you can hear well.
3. Set your dial on the radio exactly on 10.000 MHz.
4. Be sure your RIT is OFF.
5. Switch from lower SSB to upper SSB on your radio.
6. Do this when WWV is sending a tone. (First half of
the minute.).
7. When you switch between upper and lower sideband, the
audio tones should sound alike.
8. If the audio tones are not equal in frequency, slowly turn
your main dial up or down until the tones are alike when you switch
back and forth from LSB to USB.
9. The difference between your dial’s readout and the WWV
frequency is how far out (if any) of calibration your rig is.
10. Refer to your owner’s manual for how to re-calibrate
your dial. (You may also see if your radio has the TCXO option.
If not, you should not transmit on 60 meters.)
11. Unless you are an experienced technician, and have the
proper test equipment, I suggest you obtain help from someone
capable of performing the job correctly.
12. Be sure that your microphone’s frequency range is not
wider than the suggested bandwidth of 200 Hz to 2800 Hz.
(Range of normal human speech and adequate for voice radio
communications.)
This is simple basic maintenance of your radio, and also some tips
about how to ensure that your radio will operate legally on 60
meters. The technical requirements of going on a shared
“channelized” band with strict standards for proper
operation is not to be taken lightly. Do not just “clip a
diode”, or “remove the jumper” and start transmitting on 60
meters. The band will no doubt be monitored by the NTIA, FCC,
and the “OO’s” (ARRL Official Observers). Any complaint
from a shared agency will probably result in you receiving a pink
slip in your mail box.
About modulation, power, and antennas for the 60 meter band.
Again, the transmitted signal must be centered and contained within
the specified 2.8-kHz wide channel. To accomplish this we must
keep our audio bandwidth between 100 Hz and 2800 Hz. If we
limit the audio by attenuating frequencies below 200 Hz, and
attenuate the high end above 2800 Hz, this will give us an occupied
bandwidth of approximately 2.6 kHz. That is, we control the bass and
treble audio frequency range to meet the requirement.
Some transceivers permit us to adjust the transmitted audio response
to boost or roll off on the low and high end. You probably
should keep your audio processor at minimum or do not use it at all.
Simply keep your processor off and use a good microphone element.
The microphone that came with the radio will usually be adequate.
It is important to watch your modulation levels. Read
your manual to see what the normal ALC level is for proper
modulation. Modulate a little lower than it suggests and you
will not splatter out of the 2.8 kHz channel width.
The 60 meter band has a legal power limit of 50 watts ERP. 50
watts measured PEP (peak to peak) is legal as long as there is no
antenna gain. The best way to monitor your power is to have a peak
reading watt meter. Normal watt meters will only show approximately
one third of your peak power. If the watt meter shows 25 watts on
SSB, you may be putting out as much as 75 watts PEP. Most
modern transceivers do not have a RF power output adjustment.
This is only accomplished by turning up or down the microphone gain.
No matter what your CW carrier output shows on a watt meter, the
output power on SSB defaults to 100 watts PEP on many models;
however other modern transceivers do have a power output level
control that does reduce SSB signals. To ensure that you are
legal on 60 meters you’ll need an accurate PEAK reading watt
meter. The specific power limit is 50 watts PEP (peak to peak)
effective radiated power. Well I can’t look at my antenna
and see the effective radiated power jumping off into space.
“ERP” is a calculated value.
Effective Radiated Power (ERP) = the product of the transmitter
(peak envelope) power, expressed in watts, delivered to the antenna,
and the relative gain of an antenna above that of a half-wave dipole
antenna. (Note: peak envelope power is also called peak to peak
power). The F.C.C. has been kind to us by making it simple.
The rule says that 50 watts PEP single side band multiplied by the
gain of the dipole antenna (the dipole is stated as a reference
since it has zero gain). This equals 50 watts ERP. Therefore,
if you use a simple dipole type of antenna, and monitor the
transmitter power output so that you do not exceed 50 watts PEP SSB,
you will be legal.
If you want to use a gain type of antenna, say one that has +3db of
gain a gain of 2x), you will have to reduce your power output to 25
watts PEP (or less). You will have to also document and have
on file your calculations, type of antenna and coax. What
would you gain? Perhaps some directivity, however your effective
radiated power will still be 50 watts PEP.
The dipole antenna is the most used type of antenna, tuned for
the 60 meter band. Very few of us can get a dipole up to 40
feet, and most EmComm communications use NVIS antennas that are low
to the ground. For a low dipole, each leg would be
approximately 42.5 ft. on each side of the center insulator.
It should be at least 10 ft. above the ground so that some one could
walk or drive a vehicle under the antenna. On an “Inverted
V” dipole, each leg would be about 41.5 ft. on each side of the
center insulator.
When the 60 meter band became legal for amateur operations on
July 3, 2003, the new allocation presented some new challenges
to most amateurs. Let us review getting on the air on one
of these new 60M channels. We have our antenna installed,
hooked up to the radio, and our radio dial is set to the tuning
frequency of 5330.5 kHz, which will cause the radio to transmit on
the channel center frequency of 5332 kHz USB (upper side band).
Now we apply carrier power to the antenna to allow us to tune for
minimum SWR (standing waves reflected). After the antenna
tuner is adjusted and the tuning is complete we are ready to begin
transmitting right? Wrong. We have violated the
F.C.C. rules by transmitting a carrier on the frequency of 5330.5
kHz.
This frequency is where the suppressed carrier is located, however
the center-channel frequency we are authorized to operate on is 5332
kHz USB voice (emission 2K8J3E). We are not permitted to
transmit a carrier on the 60 meter channels at any time.
Transmitter testing, tuning, and setting power levels must be done
with a dummy load or without an antenna connected.
Antenna tuning must be done with an antenna analyzer, or antenna
built to the normal dipole specifications determined by the antenna
formula. You can monitor your SWR while transmitting USB and
carefully adjust the antenna length a few inches at a time to get
the SWR to the proper level. The transmitted signal can only be USB
voice. You can not use a tone on SSB to tune up. We can
only use voice. Most automatic tuners send a carrier over the air
for tuning, this is not recommended.
Amateurs may tune antenna tuners by monitoring receiver noise
or other signals to tune an antenna tuner before transmitting.
If you have designed your antenna to be resonant on one of the
center channels, the antenna should work well on the other channels
without tuning or other modification. The best antenna
configuration would be to have a dedicated antenna and tuner for the
60 meter channels. The use of an antenna switch would allow
this antenna to be connected to the proper radio. If you use a
dedicated (resonant) dipole type of antenna the antenna tuner would
not be necessary, as the SWR would be within limits if the antenna
is properly tuned.
As an amateur radio operator I have to decide if the 60 meter band
is where I would like to operate, and do I want to work DX or rag
chew; or is my interest in handling traffic, or providing emergency
communications?
The five 60 meter channels are a domestic allocation, and not
available to the world. Government stations are the primary
user in this band and amateur radio is the secondary user.
If you hear some government station on one of the designated five
channels, do not ask them to leave the frequency since they are the
primary
user. (You will probably not hear this very often.)
In review: Your radio must be stable, and accurate when tuned
to the channel. You must have a peak reading watt meter, and
know how to operate the radio you plan to use. Control
operators and station trustees are fully responsible for the proper
operation of the stations of which they are in control.
Stations at EOCs (Emergency
Operations Centers) may have multiple operators operating under one
station license, and they must be trained and qualified to operate
the radio equipment.
∙-∙-∙
QSH -- (I
HAVE HUMOR FOR YOUR STATION)
EM’s
Quiz, Survey, and [attempt at] Humor Section...
"SHOW US YOUR
SHACK"
• Send a picture of
you AND your shack (all in one frame and in JPG
or JPEG format) to: k6soj@wrrl.org
The ICS/NIMS WITHIN
ARCTS / EMCOMM --
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ
(NOTE: For the
purpose of this article the terms ICS and NIMS are
interchangeable.)
Received March 25, 2006: "Could you publish a
diagram of your section ICS positions, i.e. the branches,
divisions, and so forth? It would help to not reinvent
the wheel. For instance, is what we call the SEC the Ops
Chief? What sort of problems have you faced in implementing
these changes?" - J.M. Rowe, N5XFW, Hot Springs, AR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The development and practice of a "layered, tiered, or
hierarchal system" of management or command is noted
throughout history. It is nearly universal. A
pride of lions has a dominant male leader. Bees have a
"queen". Geese flying in formation...have a
leader. (It is interesting to note that when the
leader tires, the lead goose gives way to another.) A
squadron of fighter jets has a group leader. A fleet
has a flag ship with an Admiral.
Several decades ago a major telephone company conducted a
study to determine the optimal ratio of supervisor
to supervisee to provide maximum productivity,
yet maintain an effective chain of command.
The result was that a ratio of five (5) to one (1) was
ideal. Later field tests indicated that a ratio of 4
to 6, or even 3 to 7, was also effective. This
principle is fundamental to the Incident Command System. (ICS/NIMS).
Another key component of the ICS is
that it assigns responsibility and accountability
to individuals (by position or title)
during an incident. (This is contrary the
common cultural practice of not holding individuals
responsible for their own actions. Or lack or
action.) Further, during an incident is not the
time nor the place to form a committee to "study the
issues". And an incident is not the place
for parliamentary procedure and/or democracy.
While the "I" in ICS stands for INCIDENT, the principles
of the ICS can be applied to normal day-to-day
planning and preparedness activities of emcomm
groups. If these principles are routinely used, it is
much easier to put them into practice during incidents;
whether your team is the WRRL or an ARES® section
or local unit.
For example: The WRRL has a six member
Board of Directors. The President is "the
leader"...the ratio is one to five. In addition
to voting power, each member has a specialty: a
TYPE I ARCT Program Administrator; a Traffic Handler's
Challenge Program Director; a WEB Master and Internet
guru; a Technical Advisor; and a
Secretary-Treasurer.
The WRRL (and hopefully other emcomm organizations) has
considerable overlap of expertise. All WRRL
board and T-I ARCT members are skilled emcomm
operators; but the idea is that in addition, everyone
is capable of, and has agreed to do, some
other specialized task, (and has the authority) to
manage his/her specific area of responsibility.
In a deployed TYPE I ARCT (10-12 persons) , there is
a leader and an assistant leader. The
ratio therefore is one to five, or one to six.
While all members of TYPE I ARCT are skilled communicators,
there will be designated specialists. There will be
a skilled Morse operator or two. A digital emcomm
specialist. There should be one member who is more
technically inclined...(a troubleshooter/repair person).
A person trained in first aid or an EMT. Someone will
be designated as the Logistics (supply) Coordinator, an
"R and R" clerk (sorry...that stands for: Records
and Reports!), and so forth.
Designated tasks and responsibilities =
teamwork = mission accomplished!
As an ARRL SEC I also apply these principles as
much as possible. There are twenty counties in my
section. There are four DECs. Again, a
one-to-four ratio. Each district has from four to
seven counties, and therefore each DEC has between four and
six ECs. At the section level we have eight Official
Emergency Stations. Some of them may have a secondary
"staff" assignments. Examples: Section
Logistics Coordinator, Red Cross Liaison, PIO, etc.
IS -100 says: "...someone who serves as a
Chief every day may not hold that title when deployed under an
ICS structure." In amateur radio emcomm, whether it
is the WRRL, the ARES® or some other emcomm unit, we should
avoid using titles such as: "commander" or
"officer" or "chief" or
"director" or "deputy", on a day-to-day
basis. But especially under ICS, since these titles
are used to identify other ICS management levels.
"Team leader" or "emcomm coordinator" is
much less pretentious and does not run the risk of being
confused with those higher in the chain of command.
While a deployed TYPE I ARCT is certainly a field
operation, avoid using terms and titles that include
"Ops Chief" or "operations" since
communications is a logistics support function.
Incidents often involve multiple counties,
"sections"...even states. As an
ARRL SEC, I do not think of an SEC as an "Ops
Chief." A designated "ARCT Coordinator"
is a better choice for a particular incident (as
opposed to a geographic, organizational or political
jurisdiction) where multiple ARCTS may be deployed.
In the ARES®, "Mutual Assistance Coordinator" is
a more appropriate (and descriptive) title and role for the
SEC in a multi-jurisdiction incident.
TYPE I ARCT leaders are instructed to report to,
and be in liaison with, the ICS Communications Unit
Leader. If more resources are needed and/or requested
they may contact the WRRL National ARCT Program
Administrator.
During deployment, TYPE I ARCT leaders may, at
their discretion, "expand" an emcomm service
area (net coverage area), by "plugging in" local or
other amateur emcomm resources. (E.g. - TYPE III or
TYPE IV ARCTs.)
Regarding: "What sort of
problems have you faced in implementing these changes?"
In a word: apathy. Productive growth involves
learning, hard work and a willingness to change. This
is hard for many emcomm operators, who are used to seeing
emcomm units being run like "a club", to adjust to
straight forward and effective methods. Old patterns are
hard to erase...no matter how cumbersome they are. Sadly,
others are involved in emcomm solely for the
"social aspect", the "titles", and/or the
"role playing"; and often have little interest in proficient
and disciplined radio operations and being prepared to provide
emergency communications in a timely and effective manner.
=====================================================================
EMCOMM SPECIALTY
PRODUCTS
=====================================================================
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
“License Plate”:
-----------O-------------------------------------------------O----------
EMERGENCY
COMMUNICATIONS
-----------O-------------------------------------------------O-----------
• View this item at:
http://www.emcomm.org/products/
• Raised BLACK letters on WHITE background
• Durable Metal
• 6” x 12” with usual holes for mounting
• Mount on vehicle
• Place on visor or in window
• Space to "customize" with
your county or city's name, or your call sign using one-inch vinyl
letters
(available at hardware stores)
• Use at fixed or field EMCOMM stations
• MADE IN U.S.A!
• $10.00 each or two for $18.00 [Postpaid to one
address includes all applicable taxes]
Send check or money order and shipping address
to:
EMCOMM
P O Box 99
Macdoel, CA 96058
• Allow 2 weeks for delivery
======================================================================
TRAFFIC
HANDLER'S SUPPLIES:
RADIOGRAM
RUBBER STAMP
• Use on plain paper
• Use on front of envelope
• 3/4” x 3” wood handle stamp
Order: WRGS - Wood handle (traditional) rubber
stamp $10.00 each postpaid
($8.00 if ordered with Message Service Cross stamp
(below)
• Send check or money order to:
EMCOMM
P O Box 99
Macdoel, CA 96058
• Please allow 2 to 4 weeks for delivery
"MESSAGE SERVICE
CROSS" RUBBER STAMP
• Makes the “record” part of record message
traffic handling easy and efficient.
• Use on any message form or on plain paper.
• A message received and forwarded should be stamped twice (L
lower / R lower).
• Check TOR (Time Received) or TOD (Time Delivered / Forwarded).
• Available in two styles:
Order: SIRS - Self-inking
rubber stamp - $15.00 each postpaid.
Order: WHRS - Wood handle
(traditional) rubber stamp - $12.00 each postpaid.
• Order yours today!
• Specify style, quantity, and shipping address, and send check or
money order to:
EMCOMM
P O Box 99
Macdoel, CA 96058
• Please allow 2 to 4 weeks for delivery
=====================================================================
NEW SUBSCRIBERS
• JC Speiser, KI4OIU, Jacksonville, FL
• David E. Ward, Jr., KG4OVY, Bartlett, TN, ARES®, MARS
• Dave McDonald, N4EIO, Smyrna, TN -
ARES®, SKYWARN
• Larry J. Gispert, KR4X, Tampa, FL - ARES®, RACES
• Kevin Wesolowski, KD7DFV, Sun City, AZ - ARES®, RACES,
COGRC, MCECG
• Barry Colston, KG6NWJ, Los Angeles, CA
• Norm Martin, K7OLD, Oro Valley, AZ - RACES
• Chuck Mancebo, W6GAM, Atwater, CA
• James Venable, WD4PRU, Hampton, VA
• Samuel Tyree, KCØKSV, Wichita, KS -
RACES
• John Thomas, N8JWH, Alpena, MI -
ARES® DEC, RACES RO
• Richard Vander Jagt,
KQ6YH, Lakeport, CA - ARES®
• Jason Turning, N6WBL,
Rancho Cordova, CA
