“Lack of planning on your part,
does not constitute an emergency on my part.”
(Sign in DMV Office in Tulelake, California)
The 5-1-2+ BULLETIN - 4 December 01 - No. 83
A REGIONAL Bulletin for ARES and other EMCOMM Stations and Public Safety
Officials in northern California, southern Oregon, northern Nevada, and
elsewhere.
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, SV Section EC, Editor.
INTERNET: www.qsl.net/k6soj E-MAIL:
k6soj@arrl.net
-----------------------------------------
+ IN THIS EDITION:
- SHORT CIRCUITS
- ECC
- PACKET NEWS
- FEEDBACK
- TRAINING and CONTINUING EDUCATION
- ON-THE-AIR RADIOGRAM PRACTICE - REPORT
- ARES TO MARS PROJECT (updated)
- NWS-SKYWARN NEWS
- MEDFORD HAMS PARTICIPATE IN NWS/ARRL SKYWARN
RECOGNITION DAY
- ARES NETS REMINDER/SCHEDULE
- COMING ATTRACTIONS
+++ SHORT
CIRCUITS -
+ SACRAMENTO VALLEY SECTION MAP - (complete with district boundaries) now on
website! < www.qsl.net/k6soj
> Thanks to Bill Frazier, KC7REK, our webmaster for the great work!
Bill, who resides in the “Evergreen State”, has also done a beautiful job on
yet another website! (District Four WWA Section.) Check that one out
at: http://wwa-ares-dist4.org/
+ NEW OREGON DISTRICT FIVE EMERGENCY COORDINATOR -
Lew Williams, WB7NML, Oregon SEC, has announced that Al Pion, KK7XO, (Keno, OR)
has been appointed as the Emergency Coordinator for District Five.
COMMENT: Congratulations Al! The leadership of the SV
Section ARES are
available to support and work together with the Oregon ARES. - de K6SOJ
+ “HAND”-Y TIP
- “The best all-around winter gloves that I know of are very inexpensive.
I use the black, Neoprene dipped, cotton work gloves that are available in most
discount and hardware stores. They will keep your hands warm and DRY... in
all but the most severe conditions. They allow your fingers to remain
agile enough to put on tire chains, but you’ll have a rough time trying to
program your late model miniature HT!) I keep a pair in each vehicle, a
pair in my “ready kit”, and a pair on the dining room table...(Just ask
Nannette. ;-)”
- de K6SOJ
+ TAKE A TRIP BACK 100 YEARS - HEAR SPARK GAP TRANSMISSIONS
-
From Ray Balch, K6VX. “Go to: http://www.qsl.net/g4rfr/marconi.htm
crank up the audio....relive some history...”
Thanks Ray. I really enjoyed that one! de K6SOJ
+ ECC: “EMERGENCY COORDINATORS’ CORNER” -
REMINDER - Monthly EC Reports are due. SV Section ECs may now submit their
FSD-212 reports “on-line” at www.qsl.net/k6soj.
(Click on “ECs Only”)
The new “online” reporting form is working well. November EC reports
are
already in from: Butte/Glenn, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties;
plus Districts One and Two.
+ PACKET NEWS
From: Frank Norman, KE6MZN (Siskiyou County) -
“If anyone would like to set up a schedule for keyboard packet contacts,
they may contact me on the SOAPRA/SCARA system (145.01, KE6YJH-1) and leave a
MSG at KE6MZN-1. I can keep just about any daytime schedule.
Evenings I am sometimes busy.”
From: David Bell, N2RSN (Klamath County) -
“I found the message below on the packet bbs system thought I might spark
some interest. 73 David.
N2RSN de WB7AWL: at 21:52 on 011201 B,D,F,H,I,K,L,N,O,P,R,S,T,V,X,?,! >
From : N7ZHG
To : ARES @OR
Type/Status : BF
Date/Time : 21-Nov 04:07
Bid : 142-N7ZHG
Message # : 17123
Title : UMESRO MONTHLY DRILL
Path: !WA7V!N7ZHG!
From: N7ZHG@N7ZHG.#SEWA.WA.USE.NOAM
To : ARES@OR
NR : 014
ROUTINE
N7ZHG
HERMISTON, OR
112001
2110
ARES@OR
SUBJ: MONTHLY UMESRO DRILLS
The Umatilla Morrow Emergency Service Radio Operators will be starting monthly
drills on the last Saturday of each month starting January 26, 2002, except when
other scheduled drills or exercises sponsored by other agencies fall on the same
day.
The purpose of these drills are to help and teach ARES Members and non ARES
members some fundamental basics of Emergency Communications procedures and
practices involving both voice and digital communication, and routinely use it.
Any other ARES group within the state of Oregon who may want to play along on
these exercises in order to improve their own groups efficiency
are welcome.
A specific time for these drills will be forth coming before the years end via a
packet message as Routine Formal Traffic. This station will NOT originate a
message of this information out in email form...however it should be relayed to
those who don't have digital capability.
If you have any questions, comments, or some ideas, please use the packet system
in your response....its getting rusty from just sitting out here.
GARY - N7ZHG
Umatilla/Morrow County EC
District 3 EC OR Section
NNNN
-----------------------
+ FEEDBACK #1 -
From: Bill Pennington, WA6SLA
Assistant Chief Telecommunications
Governor’s Office of Emergency Service (CA)
“Here is a story from the '97 Floods that I heard a couple of months ago
from the FEMA employee mentioned below. It was a verbal report and I didn't
write it down until now. I hope it is correct. The meat of the story is
correct anyway.
A FEMA representative (a non-communications type) flew into a metropolitan
area in a small leased aircraft on his way to provide some administrative
assistance to a local agency. He was also escorting some communications
equipment (portable repeaters and handheld caches) to be used to assist during
the widespread and devastating flooding. He deplaned and went looking for some
communications savvy assistance to help unload and identify the communications
equipment so that it could be properly deployed (the right hand-helds with the
correct repeater etc.). It was the middle of the night and he made his way to
the EOC to request this assistance. He came across a couple of EMCOMM type
amateurs. The hams were just sitting around outside the EOC taking a break.
There were no amateur radio operations currently taking place (as it often is
after midnight).
Another couple of amateurs were manning the EOC station and the EMCOMM
supervisor told the FEMA employee that the first two were there to watch and
learn. The FEMA representative asked if those two watchers were available to
assist him for about an hour in unloading the communications equipment. The
supervisor said to go ahead and ask them. He did. They said: THEY WERE
THERE TO OPERATE RADIOS, AND NOT TO UNLOAD AIRPLANES! He
mentioned this to the supervisor who just shrugged. The FEMA representative
then found a couple of firefighter types IN THE ACTIVE AND BUSY EOC who,
and even though very busy, helped anyway. What a fine impression the hams
made on both the outfit that wrote the GPG 1-15, and the jurisdictional
sponsoring agency that night. Their EMCOMM organization has been foundering ever
since. They now have excellent leadership but complain that their sponsoring
agency won't give them the support they need to be as effective as they could
be. 'Nuff said!”
COMMENT: As I have said before: “Hams are often their own worst enemy.” -
Editor
(ref. your article: “CLUBS AND EMCOMM” (Bulletin # 82)
Editor’s NOTE: For those from Macdoel, CA...the comments below are “tongue
in cheek”. At least I think they are...
+ FEEDBACK
#2 -
Ed Ewell, K7DXV, Klamath Falls, OR, writes:
“I read the last bulletin (#82). It was probably one of the best
bulletins that you have put out. Your coverage of the ARES/RACES
operations, and club purposes and they way they operate was excellent.
Listing the simplex frequencies was great since some do not know that there is a
plan to help achieve order. The position of the EC is one of leadership,
responsibility and accountability. If there is no leadership, the ARES
organization will not work. EC's should be accountable. No
“on-paper” drills and exercises, get out and stand in the rain or snow and
send traffic. Develop the team’s resources and have them trained.
Yes, proficiency and discipline is the strength in ARES.”
COMMENT: Yes...but “easier said than done” Thanks for your comments. -
Editor
+ FEEDBACK #
3 -
From Neil McKie, WA6KLA, Deschutes County -
(Re. “Demonstration” stations at public locations):
“Back in the early seventies ... we, the Los Angeles Council of Amateur Radio
Clubs, were approached by one of the Savings & Loans to install a ham radio
display in their main office - downtown LA. Upon inspection, we discovered
the intense noise level on the HF bands ...so we installed an HF station for
looks ... but, under the table, a Motorola line remote ... connected to a VHF
station on the building roof - link - relay - simplex to a hams house a few
miles away in a quieter neighborhood. The roof antenna was on top of a 12 story
building - and nobody was the wiser.
COMMENT: Pretty sneaky! - Editor
(Re. pre-installed antennas, feedlines, etc. in hospitals, etc.):
“In the greater Deschutes County area, the local ARES group already has VHF
radios / antennas installed.”
COMMENT: Great! - Editor
(Re. ARES to MARS...and back!):
“Back in the 80's, while I was working at the Oregon coast as a 2 way radio
tech for a local county ... I checked into the local nightly ARES VHF net on 2
meters. One of the occasional checkins was an USAF MARS member in Beaverton. He
called me, let me know he had a MARS message for delivery at the coast. He
stated it was in MARS format. I said `sure’, he sent it and I had
it delivered a couple of minutes later. He didn't bother to reformat it into NTS
format. which was close to USAF MARS format.
COMMENT: Great! - Editor
(Re. “band plans”):
The 2 meter repeater band plan in the Northwest is 20 kHz ... and some of the
local groups have attached themselves and operate simplex frequencies to match.
... i.e. - 146.42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, etc ... and similar in the 147 range too.
I find it's much simpler, and faster, to QSY to another frequency when you have
your radio preprogrammed for 20 kHz steps instead of the other. As the ARRL
finally established a number of years ago, repeater band planning is as the
local custom. But not necessarily the national band plan... i.e. - the
NARCC 2 meter repeater band plan is 15 kHz ... the Northwest 2 meter repeater
band plan is 20 kHz.”
COMMENT: Bands plans are voluntary. Other than that I have: ”no
comment”.
- Editor
+++ TRAINING and CONTINUING EDUCATION SECTION -
(Previous training bulletins are archived at: www.qsl.net/k6soj)
+ DEVELOPING YOUR EMERGENCY PLAN - # 2 (in a series)
Emergency plans need to specify pre-designated net times and frequencies.
A primary or “command and control” net frequency is essential.
(That’s where your team members check in, state their availability, etc., and
come back to if they get “lost” on some other frequency.) In a small
or short duration event this may be all that is needed.
If the incident expands in magnitude or duration, additional nets may be
necessary. Tactical (on scene) traffic can almost always be handled on VHF
simplex. DESIGNATE a simplex tactical frequency. If simplex won’t
do the job, DESIGNATE a second repeater, or use a portable repeater.
Another net or frequency (VHF or HF) may be needed for logistics, scheduling and
coordination of personnel, and may be “quiet enough” to also handle formal
traffic. Whether HF or VHF, these alternate nets should be designated as
needed.
On HF, it is a simple matter for the NCS to announce that logistics or formal
traffic is “up 5”, or “down 5”, or on “such and such repeater”.
At scheduled times, (e.g. - at the “top of the hour”), the NCS from all nets
should meet on the primary frequency for updates, bulletins, etc. Designated
relay and monitoring stations that are multi-mode and/or band can be extremely
helpful and home stations work very well for this task. Also in extended
operations, direct (or use digipeater) Packet or Pactor nets for incoming and/or
outbound traffic will relieve the other frequencies.
It is important that the EC NOT get overly involved in tactical or traffic
handling. The Emergency Coordinator, or acting EC, (usually an AEC, or it
may be a DEC or even a visiting EC) coordinates, schedules and assigns others to
specific functions. Otherwise, the team, may loose it’s direction, and
the normal confusion in any disaster or emergency will only exacerbate.
+ RADIOGRAM PRACTICE SESSIONS CONTINUE -
The second in this series of training sessions was successfully conducted
Wednesday (11/28).
A SPECIAL QSL CARD will be issued to all operators who participate in any
Wednesday session, and submit a copy of at least one correctly copied
RADIOGRAM by regular mail. All radio amateurs (including “no code”
Technicians) are welcome to listen in and submit an entry. Here’s the
rules:
1. Listen on Wednesdays at 2000L on 3987 LSB (+ or -). Three RADIOGRAMS
will be transmitted.
2. Copy the entire RADIOGRAM(s) (preamble, text, and signature). Copy(s)
must be accurate and correct. VERY minor (non-consequential) errors, MAY
be accepted.
3. Use an ARRL RADIOGRAM blank; (a “printer friendly” version is available
at: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/radiogram2.pdf
or, you may use a plain piece of paper. However, your “copy” MUST be
in ARRL RADIOGRAM format.
4. Send your completed RADIOGRAM(s) and a business-size (4 x 9.5”)
self-addressed stamped envelope (.34 cent stamp affixed) to:
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, P.O. Box 99, Macdoel, CA 96058.
5. Entries MUST be postmarked by the Monday that follows the practice
session, since the correct copy will be published in the 5-1-2+ Bulletin the
following Tuesday.
+ RADIOGRAM TIP - #1:
Don’t use the old style forms that are blank in the middle. Instead use
RADIOGRAM forms that have the twenty five lines (one per word) pre-printed.
A “printer friendly” version is available at: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/radiogram2.pdf
+ RADIOGRAM TIP - #2:
For “test messages”, the text should begin with:
TEST MESSAGE X. These three “words” are counted in the “check”.
(This
means that you can only have a maximum of 22 additional words in the text.)
+ RADIOGRAM TIP - #3:
On phone, “numbers” or are always preceded with the word “figures”.
E.g. -
“figures 7388” is written down as: 7388 (one “word”). EXCEPTION:
In ARL
numbered RADIOGRAMS, the numbers are always preceded with the “word” ARL,
and automatically written down spelled out. E.g. - ARL SIXTY NINE (three
“words”). NOTE: Of course in Morse, this is only “academic”.
+ RADIOGRAM “Q & A” -
Q: Why bother with all this “formal traffic” and RADIOGRAM stuff? Why
not
just get on the air and talk to someone who can deliver the message?
A: Granted that MAY work...sometimes. But there are many reasons and
situations that it will not work. Or even worse. (E.g. - an
erroneous or
inaccurate message will be delivered.)
Consider this scenario: The news is reporting severe flooding associated
with a hurricane on the Gulf Coast of the southern U.S. A friend or
neighbor contacts you and is very concerned about the welfare of her elderly
parents who live in a mobile home near Biloxi, Mississippi. She asks if you, as
an amateur radio operator, can find out of they are OK. All telephone
service is out in the area.
Or, the local Red Cross representative calls you and says they have a client in
their office that is worried about a relative in the mountains of West Virginia
where a “100 year” blizzard has occurred. All telephone service is
out. You get on the air on 20M and start searching for a station near the
area you wish to contact. Good luck. Your local repeater will be of
little help...except to connect with an ARES net affiliated with the NTS.
You then check into the net and indicate that you have WELFARE traffic to MS or
WV. Soon a message has been formatted and is on its way.
Handling instructions are: HXE. In 24 to 48 hours a reply is received from
an NTS station near where you live: “ARL ONE” (Everyone safe here.
Please don’t worry.)
Here are just a few more reasons that the “talk and yak” and “rely upon
your memory and/or hand scratchin”... ain’t good:
- It is difficult (if not impossible) to locate a station near the intended
addressee. Even if you succeed, the operator at the other end may not be
an ARES station, and asks “what the heck is a RADIOGRAM?”
- Conditions, QRM, QRN, or lack of skilled operators may prevent direct
contact with a station near the addressee.
- If going through one or more relay stations...the message will usually get
changed. In fact: it will almost always get SCREWED UP! Does anyone
remember the old parlor game...”gossip”? Where a message is started at
one end of a line, and passed around to the other end? Good for laughs,
but not recommended for handling important (and maybe life-saving) messages.
- Formal traffic handling provides for a standardized way to prioritize and
handle messages.
Q: “Thanks for printing the correct test radiograms. I really messed
them
up. I wasn't able to copy very good that night anyway. Also what is the HX
between Precedence and Station of Origin on the form?”
A: No problem. This is why we're doing the training and practice sessions.
If one is afraid to ask questions, they will never learn. "HX"
(which is optional) stands for: Handling Instructions (HX) -- are used when the
writer of the radiogram requires special instructions in how to the handle the
radiogram. The various uses are spelled out in the Public Service
Communications manual and other ARRL publications such as FSD-218 which can be
viewed at: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/fsd218.pdf
TEST (PRACTICE) RADIOGRAMS AS SENT ON 28 NOVEMBER:
-------------------------------
TEST 4 R HXCE K6SOJ 14 MACDOEL CA NOV 28
BRIAN ROBERTS
127 MAIN ST
LOOKOUT CA 91110
516 444 3987
TEST MESSAGE X PLEASE BRING
160M G5RV TO LOWER CREEK
CAMPGROUND TOMORROW AT 0900
ELMER GOODE
-------------------------------
TEST 5 W K6SOJ 24 HAPPY CAMP CA NOV 28
AGNES WILSON
435 S ELM ST
JACKSON MS 03459
223 270 3030
TEST MESSAGE X POWER AND
PHONES OUT X ONLY MINOR
DAMAGE HERE X WE ARE
SAFE X WILL CALL YOU
WHEN POSSIBLE X LOVE
FRED AND ETHYL
---------------------------------
TEST 6 W K6SOJ ARL10 HAPPY CAMP CA NOV 28
MARY WILSON
49 THOMPSON RD
RALEIGH NC 24397
256 357 3006
TEST MESSAGE X ARL ONE
X ARL FOUR X LOVE
FRED AND ETHYL
---------------------------------
RADIOGRAM practice sessions will continue following the ARES REGIONAL LEADERSHIP
NETS every Wednesday night.
- Approximately 2000L on 3987 LSB + or -.
- One or more “test messages” will be sent by volunteer operators.
- The preamble and text of the RADIOGRAMS will be published in the 5-1-2+
Bulletin the following Tuesday, so participants can check for accuracy.
- You will need a supply of blank RADIOGRAMS. They are available from
league HQ; or, you can print them out from: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/RADIOGRM.pdf
- ALL EMCOMM operators are invited to “practice” with us. ARES leaders
are
asked to encourage members on their teams to participate.
- Operators that do not have an HF station, can still practice. All you
will need is an HF receiver.
- Later on, we may also do some sessions on CW.
- Watch the 5-1-2+ Bulletin for more information.
- Reference materials are:
- The ARRL Public Service Manual; or go to:
http://www.arrl.org/FandES/ead/teacher/kemp/appendixa.html
“TRAFFIC HANDLING IS FUN AND REWARDING!”
ADDITIONAL (VERY) USEFUL information is available at:
http://www.remote.arrl.org/FandES/field/pscm/sec2-ch11.html
http://www.iea.com/~donf/pan/NTSMinutes.htm
+ ARES TO MARS BY DECEMBER - UPDATE
Public service events focusing on this project are still; being scheduled.
Please send reports or comments you would like published. (See 5-1-2+ Bulletin
No. 79 for details.)
PARTICIPATING NETS AND LINKS -
Southern Oregon / Northern California region:
DAILY: Following the Jefferson Noon Net (JNN): 1200L on 7232 LSB
WEDNESDAYS: following the REGIONAL ARES LEADERSHIP NET: 1930L on
3987 LSB
24/7: VIA PACTOR: N2RSN/AAT0AQ (near Keno, OR) station/mailbox on 7078.1 LSB
ARES to MARS traffic accepted. NTS format. (More info: n2rsn@arrl.net)
NOTE: ARES leaders, club officers, and net managers - if you would like
your net schedule(s) listed here...send the information.
+ NWS-SKYWARN SECTION
Jim Reynolds, KD7MLO, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, Medford NWS
Gary Peterson, N7GK, Acting Medford SKYWARN Coordinator
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, Asst. Medford SKYWARN Coordinator
SKYWARN is the National Weather Service program of trained volunteer spotters
reporting severe weather. The ARRL/ARES has a national “memorandum of
understanding” (MOU) with the NOAA/NWS.
MEDFORD NWS SKYWARN WEBSITE: www.qsl.net/mfrskywarn
+ MEDFORD OPERATORS
PARTICIPATE IN NWS/ARRL SKYWARN RECOGNITION DAY -
EMCOMM operators braved severe WX and activated WX7MFR on 1 December 2001. Look
for an additional report here soon.
+ WEATHER SPOTTER CLASS SCHEDULE -
Classes for 2002 will be announced as they are scheduled.
MEDFORD NWS WX SPOTTER / SKYWARN NETS:
The Medford NWS WX SPOTTER NET every Wednesday at 1915L on:
147.26+ / CTCSS: 123.0, (Mt. Ashland - Jackson County and more) 146.55 SIMPLEX
(eastern Siskiyou and Klamath Counties) 146.97- (Likely - Modoc County) 3987LSB
(1982 LSB alternate).
SKYWARN nets may be activated on
these frequencies during severe weather events.
NWS SKYWARN NET CONTROL STATIONS -
1st and 3rd Wednesdays:
147.26+ K6SOJ SY42
3987 LSB KE7WEU JO25
2nd and 4th Wednesdays:
147.26+ N7GK JA14
3987 LSB N2RSN KL98
ADDITIONAL VOLUNTEER OPERATORS NEEDED FOR NWS NET CONTROL OPERATIONS -
While we now have a total of four (4) NWS NC operators for Medford NWS, we
still would like about four more, either for regular or back-up duty.
For more information contact:
Gary, N7GK, gpederson@orednet.org ,
or:
Dave, K6SOJ, k6soj@arrl.net
NWS PACKET NODE ON MT. ASHLAND is on 145.030 MHz, ID is: skywrn.
NWS is asking for SKYWARN and ARES packet stations to connect and let them know
your location, the type of antenna and power you use to access the Mt. Ashland
node. The “connect” to NWS packet bbs (direct) is 145.090 and the ID is
NWSMFR. Then connect to NWSBBS, e.g., c nwsmfr. Then, c nwsbbs. The NWSMFR at
nws mfr is a node.
Questions? contact Gary, N7GK e-mail: gpederson@orednet.org
Check in to the JEFFERSON NOON NET daily at 1200L on 7232 LSB (alt. 3987) for
announcements regarding anticipated or actual severe WX.
+ REMINDER - 5-1-2+ REGIONAL ARES AND NWS NETS
DAILY:
1200 to 1230L: Jefferson Noon Net on 7232 LSB (3987 LSB alternate)
NOTE: ALL STATIONS ARE ENCOURAGED TO MONITOR AND/OR CALL ON 146.52 MHZ DURING
THE NOON NET TO RELAY CHECKINS OR TRAFFIC.
WEDNESDAYS:
1915 to 1930L: NWS WX SPOTTER NETS (see NWS-SKYWARN section below)
1930 to 2000L: A.R.E.S. LEADERSHIP NET on 3987 LSB (1982 LSB alternate) ALL ARES
and other EMCOMM leaders are welcome. A net roster is available at: www.qsl.net/k6soj/nets/net.htm.
Starting November 21, 2001 at 2000L (approximate) on 3987 LSB (+ or -):
“ON-THE AIR” RADIOGRAM PRACTICE SESSIONS"
ARES REGIONAL NET CONTROL STATION SCHEDULE:
-----------------------------------
Dec. 5 Josephine Co. EC KK7BF
Dec. 12 Dist. 1-2 DEC WO6P
Dec. 19 Josephine Co. AEC KC7IXX
Dec. 26
------------------------------------
Jan. 2
Jan. 9
Jan. 16
Jan. 23 Dist. 1-2 DEC WO6P
Jan. 30
------------------------------------
+ ARES and other EMCOMM NETS - list at:
www.qsl.net/k6soj/nets/index.htm
+ IF YOU HAVE AN ANNOUNCEMENT OR SOMETHING OF INTEREST TO REPORT
about your ARES team or other EMCOMM unit...and would like it posted in the
5-1-2+ BULLETIN...send it to: k6soj@arrl.net
+++ COMING ATTRACTIONS +++
+ NVIS - ANOTHER BENEFIT
+ DEVELOPING YOUR EMERGENCY PLAN - TIPS
+ PLANNING AND EXECUTING YOUR NEXT “SET” - TIPS
+ CW IN EMCOMM - WHY?
PLUS:
+ HISTORY OF THE 5-1-2+ BULLETIN
+ WHAT does “Amateur Radio”...mean to YOU?
+ MORE... “SATIRICAL SYMPHONIES”
+ HOW PREPARED ARE YOU? - A FUN QUIZ
+ EMCOMM 2002
April 20-21 2002 - Bishop Quinn High School, Palo Cedro, CA.
www.emcomm2002.net
+ PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THE 5-1-2+ BULLETIN ARE ARCHIVED AT:
www.qsl.net/k6soj
+ The “5-1-2+ BULLETIN” - Copyright (c) 2001 - D. W. Thorne,
K6SOJ
Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and re-circulate items from this
bulletin providing appropriate credit is given to the “5-1-2 REGIONAL ARES
BULLETIN” and/or the author or originator of the material. Send corrections,
updates, etc. to: k6soj@arrl.net