“OFTEN IMITATED...NEVER DUPLICATED”
--------------------------------------------
A REGIONAL Bulletin for ARES and other EMCOMM Stations and Public Safety
Officials in northern California, southern Oregon, northern Nevada, and
elsewhere. D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, SV Section EC, Editor.
INTERNET: www.emcomm.org E-MAIL: k6soj@arrl.net
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L = Local time in the Pacific Time Zone (PST winter / PDT summer)
Z = Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
--------------------------------------------
+ IN THIS EDITION:
- SHORT CIRCUITS
- EC CORNER
- FEEDBACK
- EMCOMM 2002 UPDATE
- TRAINING and CONTINUING EDUCATION
- ON-THE-AIR RADIOGRAM PRACTICE UPDATE
- NWS-SKYWARN NEWS
- WX SPOTTER CLASS SCHEDULE - UPDATED
- ARES NETS REMINDER/SCHEDULE
- COMING ATTRACTIONS
+++ SHORT CIRCUITS - (Brief, but important announcements)
+ NEW FEATURE SECTION - “OUR EMCOMM HERITAGE” -
Beginning in this issue a bit of our amateur radio heritage will appear
each week near the end of the bulletin. The first “installment” will be of
particular interest not only to radio amateurs...but to “RAIL FANS”.
+ EMCOMM 2002 UPDATES AND REMINDERS -
DEADLINE FOR B-B-Q TICKETS IS NEXT MONDAY (APRIL 1) -
If you plan to enjoy the Saturday night B-B-Q with us, and have not pre-paid for
your tickets, the deadline is April 1. (More details below.)
DEADLINE FOR EMCOMM 2002 BASEBALL-STYLE CAPS IS ALSO APRIL 1 - If you want to
order a cap, payment must be made by April 1.
(Additional details below.)
ATTENTION NON-HAMS ATTENDING EMCOMM 2002 -
You are encouraged to attend the American Red Cross class: “Introduction to
Disaster Services” (Saturday afternoon and repeated Sunday morning).
This is the basic orientation and prerequisite to all other ARC disaster
courses. Whether you ever become a radio amateur or not, the Red Cross is
always looking for “a few more good men and women” to fill many different
roles in emergency and disaster services.
SPECIAL EVENT STATION W6E -
If you are unable to join us in person, you can contact EMCOMM 2002 on the air!
W6E will be operational during selected hours on April 20 and 21. Try (±)
21.390, 14.250, 7.232, 3.987, and 146.55 MHz. QSL. Business size SASE to:
EMCOMM 2002, PO Box 99, Macdoel, CA 96058.
+ JACKSON COUNTY ARES NET FREQUENCY INFO -
Jackson County ARES meets Tuesday nights at 1930L on 146.94- (King Mt.)
Walt, KK7OI reports that for the next few weeks they will be on 146.70-
(Central Point) until the King Mt. repeater under goes repairs.
+ FEEDBACK -
We’ve just about driven this topic into ground (er...earth?). But here
are
some additional good comments on the NVIS phenomena:
FROM: Pat Lambert, W0IPL, (Longmont, CO)
http://home.earthlink.net/~w0ipl/nvis.htm
Thanks for the link Pat. Very interesting and practical comments. de K6SOJ
+++ TRAINING and CONTINUING EDUCATION SECTION -
(Previous training bulletins are archived at: www.qsl.net/k6soj)
+ AN EXCELLENT NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM (NTS) TRAINING WEBSITE IS AT:
http://www.qsl.net/aresco/nts-top.htm
+ RADIOGRAM practice sessions are Wednesday nights following the ARES
REGIONAL LEADERSHIP NET - (Approximately 2000L on 3987 LSB + or -.)
- Test messages will be sent by volunteer operators.
- The RADIOGRAMS will be published in the following 5-1-2+ Bulletin, so
participants can check their copy for accuracy.
- You will need a supply of blank RADIOGRAMS. They are available from
league HQ; or, you can print them out from:
http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/RADIOGRM.pdf
- ALL EMCOMM operators are invited to “practice” with us. ARES leaders
are
asked to encourage members on their teams to participate.
- Operators that do not have an HF station, can still practice. All you
will need is an HF receiver.
- Later on, we may also do some sessions on CW.
- Watch the 5-1-2+ Bulletin for more information.
- Reference materials are:
- The ARRL Public Service Manual (earlier buff colored cover edition);
or, ARRL Net Directory (FSD-50, 2001-02 edition);
or, go to: www.arrl.org/FandES/ead/teacher/kemp/appendixa.html
+ (ACTUAL) RADIOGRAMS AS SENT ON MARCH 20
SENDING STATION KB7EKF -- RECEIVING STATION K6SOJ
--------------------------------------------------
59 R KK7BF 20 GRANTS PASS OR MAR 20
RANDY MILTIER K7RPM
1185 LINDA AVE
ASHLAND OR 97520
WANT TO COORDINATE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN ASHLAND COMMUNITY AND THREE
RIVERS HOSPITALS X PLEASE CALL
ME AT YOUR EARLIEST CONVENIENCE
BRIAN FRITSEN
--------------------------------------------------
60 R KB7EKF 20 GRANTS PASS OR MAR 20
JOSH STREETER KD7OBX
2900 LAKESHORE DR
SELMA OR 97538
541 597 2263
I FIND SENDING AND RECEIVING
NTS MESSAGES FUN X INVITE
YOU TO PARTICIPATE IN PRACTICE
SESSIONS FOLLOWING LOCAL ARES NET
WARREN OLNEY
--------------------------------------------------
61 R KB7EKF 22 GRANTS PASS OR MAR 20
EDWARD EWELL K7DXV
6719 BECKTON AVE
KLAMATH FALLS OR 97603
LOOKING FORWARD TO WORKING WITH
YOU AND BILL ON NTS
TRAINING AT COMING CONFERENCE X
ON AIR NTS PRACTICE HAS
BEEN FUN
WARREN OLNEY
--------------------------------------------------
“TRAFFIC HANDLING IS FUN AND REWARDING!”
ADDITIONAL (VERY) USEFUL information is available at:
http://www.remote.arrl.org/FandES/field/pscm/sec2-ch11.html
http://www.iea.com/~donf/pan/NTSMinutes.htm
http://www.area-ham.org/tngdocs/ntsdocs/ntsman.htm
A SPECIAL QSL CARD is available to operators who participate in any
Wednesday session and submit a copy of a correctly copied RADIOGRAM by
regular mail. All radio amateurs (including “no code” Technicians) are
invited to listen in and submit an entry. Here are the rules:
1. Listen on Wednesdays at 2000L on 3987 LSB (+ or -).
2. Copy at least one RADIOGRAM(s) (preamble, text, and signature). Copy(s)
must be accurate and correct. VERY minor (non-consequential) errors, MAY
be accepted.
3. Use an ARRL RADIOGRAM blank; (a “printer friendly” version is available
at: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/radiogram2.pdf
or, you may use a plain piece of paper. However, your “copy” MUST be
in
ARRL RADIOGRAM format.
4. Send your completed RADIOGRAM(s) and a business-size (4 x 9.5”)
self-addressed stamped envelope (.34 cent stamp affixed) to:
D. W.. Thorne, K6SOJ, P.O. Box 99, Macdoel, CA 96058.
5. Entries MUST be postmarked by the Monday that follows the practice
session, since the correct copy will be published in the 5-1-2+ Bulletin
the following Tuesday.
RADIOGRAM PRACTICE SESSION STATION SCHEDULE:
SEND RECEIVE
------------------------------------
Mar. 13 KB7EKF K6SOJ
Mar. 20 KB7EKF K6SOJ
Mar. 27 K6SOJ WO6P
Apr. 3 K6SOJ WO6P
Apr. 10 WO6P
Apr. 17 WO6P
------------------------------------
Stations SEND messages for two consecutive Wednesdays. Then RECEIVE
messages for the following two Wednesdays. If you want to “jump in with
both feet”, and be a sending (then a receiving) station, please let us
know. Don’t let the fear of making a mistake hold you back. In an
emergency or disaster, operators who have not practiced this will have one
a hell of a time if they ever need to send a message. Learn how, or polish
up your old skills, BEFORE an EMERGENCY occurs!
OK...who will be next? We need a receiving station for April 10 and 17.
+ NWS-SKYWARN SECTION
Jim Reynolds, KD7MLO, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, Medford NWS
Gary Peterson, N7GK, Acting Medford SKYWARN Coordinator
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, Asst. Medford SKYWARN Coordinator
SKYWARN is the National Weather Service program of trained volunteer
spotters reporting severe weather. The ARRL/ARES has a national
“memorandum of understanding” (MOU) with the NOAA/NWS.
MEDFORD NWS SKYWARN WEBSITE: www.emcomm.org/skywarn
+ NWS MEDFORD WX NET PARTICIPANTS WILL BE POSTED EACH WEEK ON THE NWS
WEBSITE AT: www.emcomm.org/skywarn/nets.htm
+ NWS / SKYWARN WEATHER SPOTTER CLASS SCHEDULE -
CURRY COUNTY: (PLEASE NOTE location change from previous announcement.)
Monday, April 8 - 7-9 p.m. at the Harbor Fire Hall on Benham Lane,
Brookings.
COOS COUNTY:
Tuesday, April 9 - 7-9 p.m. at the North Bend Housing Authority Office
1700 Monroe Ave., North Bend.
LAKE COUNTY (OR):
Thursday, April 11 - 7-9 p.m. at the Senior Center in Lakeview.
JACKSON COUNTY:
Monday, April 15 - 7-9 p.m. at the NWS office in Medford.
KLAMATH COUNTY:
Tuesday, April 16 - 6:30-8:30 p.m. Klamath Falls Sizzler
(South Sixth St. near Washburn Way - Optional dinner at 5:30 p.m..)
SISKIYOU COUNTY:
Wednesday, April 17 - 7-9 p.m. at Grange Hall, Happy Camp.
(In conjunction with Neighborhood Watch.)
Tuesday, April 23 - 7-9 p.m. CDF Training Room, 1809 Fairlane Rd. Yreka.
MODOC COUNTY:
Thursday, April 18 - 7 PM at the Modoc County Office of Education
Conference Room, 139 W. Henderson, Alturas.
Contact: Nancy Ballard, Modoc County Sheriff’s Office.
(530-233-4416 or toll free 1-888-233-4416)
SHASTA COUNTY:
Sunday, April 21 - 10:30 am (at EMCOMM 2002)
DOUGLAS COUNTY:
Thursday, May 2 - 7-9 PM Ford Room, Douglas County Library in Roseburg.
MEDFORD NWS WX SPOTTER / SKYWARN NETS:
The Medford NWS WX SPOTTER NET every Wednesday at 1915L on:
147.26+ / CTCSS: 123.0, (Mt. Ashland - Jackson County and more)
146.55 SIMPLEX (eastern Siskiyou and Klamath Counties)
146.97- (Likely - Modoc County Relay)
3987LSB (1982 LSB alternate).
SKYWARN nets may be activated on these frequencies during severe weather
events.
NWS SKYWARN NET CONTROL STATIONS -
DATE 147.26+ 3987
LSB
Mar. 27: N7GK KB7EKF
Apr. 3: K6SOJ KC7WEU
Apr. 10 N7GK N2RSN
Apr. 17 N2RSI KC7WEU
Apr. 24 N7GK KB7EKF
ADDITIONAL NWS NET CONTROL OPERATORS SOUGHT -
For more information contact:
Gary, N7GK, gpederso@OregonVOS.net;
or,
Dave, K6SOJ, k6soj@arrl.net
NWS PACKET NODE ON MT. ASHLAND is on 145.030 MHz, ID is: skywrn. NWS is
asking for SKYWARN and ARES packet stations to connect and let them know
your location, the type of antenna and power you use to access the Mt.
Ashland node. The “connect” to NWS packet bbs (direct) is 145.090 and the
ID is NWSMFR. Then connect to NWSBBS, e.g., c nwsmfr. Then, c nwsbbs. The
NWSMFR at nws mfr is a node.
Questions? contact Gary, N7GK e-mail: gpederso@OregonVOS.net
Check in to the JEFFERSON NOON NET daily at 1200L on 7232 LSB (alt. 3987)
for announcements regarding anticipated or actual severe WX.
+ REMINDER - 5-1-2+ REGIONAL ARES AND NWS NETS
DAILY:
1200 to 1230L: Jefferson Noon Net on 7232 LSB (3987 LSB alternate)
NOTE: ALL STATIONS ARE ENCOURAGED TO MONITOR AND/OR CALL ON 146.52 and/or
146.55 MHZ DURING THE NOON NET TO RELAY CHECK-INS OR TRAFFIC.
WEDNESDAYS:
1915 to 1930L: NWS WX SPOTTER NETS (see NWS-SKYWARN section below)
1930 to 2000L: A.R.E.S. LEADERSHIP NET on 3987 LSB (1982 LSB alternate)
ALL ARES and other EMCOMM leaders are welcome. A net roster is available
at: www.qsl.net/k6soj/nets/net.htm
ARES REGIONAL NET CONTROL STATION SCHEDULE:
------------------------------------
MAR 27 District 1 & 2 DEC WO6P
APR 3
APR 10
APR 17
APR 24 District 1 & 2 DEC WO6P
------------------------------------
ARES leaders* who are willing and available to serve as the NCS on one of
the blank dates above, please contact K6SOJ to be placed on the schedule.
(* SECs, DECs, ECs, AECs, OES, ORS, etc.)
+ ARES and other EMCOMM NETS - list at:
www.emcomm.org/SVARES/nets/index.htm
+++ EMCOMM 2002 SECTION +++
+ April 20-21 2002 - Bishop Quinn High School, Palo Cedro, CA.
+ PREVIOUS EMCOMM 2002 NEWS AND UPDATES -
(Also check the EMCOMM 2002 website: www.emcomm2002.net)
+ REGISTRATION - Radio amateurs from Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, Washington,
Utah, and California have pre-registered!
+ WHY PRE-REGISTER? You’ll have a complimentary EMCOMM 2002 NAME BADGE
with your CALL SIGN waiting for you when you check-in. (For non-hams it
will have your first name.) Each person planning to attend please register
separately. (E.g.- A husband and wife attending, should each register.)
It’s from this database that name tags, certificates, etc. will be
generated. Send your registration fee ($10/person) in advance, and speed
up your check in the morning of EMCOMM. Pre-register at:
http://www.emcomm2002.net/
+ LODGING -
If you need a room and haven’t found one, we may be able to help.
Contact Dave at: k6soj@arrl.net ASAP.
+ EMCOMM 2002 CAPS WILL “HAPPEN” -
Our “straw poll” indicated that there are enough people willing to plunk
down twenty bucks for a commemorative EMCOMM 2002 cap for us to place an order.
The baseball style caps will be blue, with an embroidered flag
design, with 2002 in white in the upper left hand corner of “the flag”, and
EMCOMM and “UNITED WE SERVE” between the stripes.
To order and reserve your cap send a check or money order for $20. (Say
what it’s for and make it payable to EMCOMM.) Mail to: EMCOMM, P.O. Box 99,
Macdoel, CA 96058. Payment must be received no later than April 1,
2002. (no foolin’!) - Pick up your cap at EMCOMM 2002...and wear it proudly!
+ SATURDAY NIGHT B-B-Q -
The B-B-Q will include: Tri-tips, chicken, salad, rolls, beans, cake and
soft drinks. The price is $10 per person, pre-paid by April 1, 2002.
Make
checks payable to EMCOMM, and mail to: EMCOMM 2002, P.O. Box 99, Macdoel, CA
96058. If you would like your tickets sent to you via return mail
enclose a SASE. Otherwise pick them up when you check in on April 20.
Details at: www.emcomm2002.net/
+ EMCOMM 2002 MOBILE UNIT SHOW AND COMPETITION - UPDATE
ARES teams, clubs, other EMCOMM units, AND individuals, may now
pre-register their mobile unit for the display and contest by going to:
www.emcomm2002.net/mobile/index.html
- PRE-REGISTRATION is not mandatory for this event, but all individuals and
groups who pre-register will receive an engraved dash plaque.
- There is NO FEE to enter the show and competition.
- WINNERS in each category will be presented with a handsome trophy.
- JUDGING period begins at noon Saturday.
- WINNERS will be announced after the B-B-Q dinner Saturday evening.
ALREADY REGISTERED in the ARES, CLUB, or other EMCOMM group class:
#1 - HUMBOLDT COUNTY ARES / AMATEUR RADIO CLUB
1991 Ford E350 Econoline Van.
#2 - TEHAMA COUNTY ARES
2002 Yamaha Big Bear 400.
ALREADY REGISTERED in the private/individually owned mobile unit class:
#1 - Ed Ewell, K7DXV. 1998 Ford F150 Truck. Klamath Falls,
OR.
#2 - Steve Faulkner, KF6OCE. 1995 Jeep Wrangler. Citrus
Heights, CA.
#3 - Dan Neuman, K6MLA. 1997 Ford Ranger. Paradise, CA.
#4 - Jake Hickok, KF6KDD, 1982 Chevrolet S-10 Pickup, Red Bluff, CA.
#5 - Wayne Mikel, KE6DJE, 2001 Jazzy 1115 “6 Wheeler”, Lincoln, CA.
#6 - Joe Park, WB6AGR, 1996 Dodge 3/4t 4x4 Pickup. Roseville, CA.
#7 - Mac McCulley, W6MAC. 1989 Chevrolet 4x4 2500 Pickup. Redding,
CA.
#8 - A. J. Grantham, K6LOR. 1987 Dodge Power Ram 50. Nephi, UT.
+ LODGING - Another major event is scheduled for Redding the weekend of
April 20-21. Make your reservations ASAP! A few have reported that
when
they called an “800” number for reservations, they were told that there were
no rooms available. But when they called a motel/hotel direct, they were
able to reserve a room. PLEASE do not let this discourage anyone from
attending! If you are unable to secure a room reservation...contact us
ASAP. We may be able to help. We are also working on alternative
lodging arrangements.
+ CAMPING AND OVERNIGHT PARKING FOR RVs -
Full details at the EMCOMM 2002 website.
+ INFORMATIONAL FLYER AVAILABLE -
A “downloadable” informational flier is available at the EMCOMM 2002
Website. Print one out, make a bunch of copies, and distribute them at
ARES meetings, club meetings, hamfests, and wherever else you wish.
+ THE EMCOMM 2002 CURRICULUM -
(Updated 14 MAR 02)
SATURDAY (APRIL 20) -
0700: VE Testing ($10.00)
0730: Doors open to EMCOMM 2002. Check in, coffee and donuts
0845: Opening Ceremonies and Pledge of Allegiance
0915: OES/ACS Update and Mutual Aid
0945: Historic Role of Private Volunteer Organizations in America
1030: Break
1045: The World Trade Center Disaster Report: “I Was There”
1100: News from Newington - A Report from ARRL HQ
1130: “Back to Basics”
1200: Lunch break - Parking lot displays
B-B-Q Hamburger, chips, cookie and drink
available for a nominal fee.
(Courtesy of the Amateur Radio Club of Anderson)
1300: Winter Olympics SLC Report
1315: “READY, SET , GO! Seminar - Is YOUR “Ready Kit” Ready?
(Individuals are encouraged to bring their
“Ready Kits” for
“Show and Tell”. If you wish to “show
your stuff”, or for more
information contact Paul, NN7B, at: nn7b@arrl.net
1350: Break - To move to either ARC or RADIOGRAM class.
1400: American Red Cross Introduction to Disaster Services - (3 hrs)
(This course will be repeated again on Sunday at
0900.
The course is the basic orientation and
prerequisite to all
other ARC disaster courses. Cards are valid
throughout the U.S.)
1400: Traffic Handling, RADIOGRAMS, and more...a WORKSHOP (3 hrs)
1700: Socialize, parking lot displays, relax.
1730: B-B-Q Dinner
1900: SPECIAL EVENT STATION “W6E”, DISPLAYS, EYE-BALL “RAGCHEWS”
2400: QUIET TIME IN THE CAMP!
SUNDAY (April 21) -
0900: American Red Cross Introduction to Disaster Services -
(3 hrs - repeat of Saturday class)
0900: Incident Command System and SEMS (1.5 hours)
1030: WX Spotter / SKYWARN class - (1.5 hours)
1030: ARES Leadership Seminar -
(For SECs, DECs, ECs, AECs, and other ARRL
Officials)
1200: Closing and Awards Ceremony, Door Prize Drawings
1300: Adjourn
NOTE: A more detailed version is available at: http://www.emcomm2002.net/
+ EMCOMM MOBILE UNIT SHOW AND COMPETITION - TROPHIES TO BE AWARDED!
(Updated 19 FEB 02)
There will be two categories:
- BEST ARES, CLUB, OR OTHER NON-PROFIT MOBILE EMCOMM UNIT
- BEST EQUIPPED PRIVATE/INDIVIDUAL MOBILE EMCOMM UNIT
Judging will begin at noon and end in the evening on Saturday, April 20.
Decision of the judges will be final. The “scores” will be based upon the
criteria below; PLUS UP TO 100 BONUS POINTS are possible based upon
unannounced criteria.
Categories and maximum points possible (in each category):
HF mobile / portable
10
HF “Park and talk” antenna / NVIS
10
VHF
5
UHF
5
HF Digital
5
VHF Packet
5
Mast (at least 16 feet)
10
47.42 MHz FM (American Red Cross)
5
ARES affiliated
10
RACES affiliated
10
4WD (if trailer, tow vehicle will count
5
Fire extinguisher
5
First aid kit (adequate)
5
Jumper cables
5
Generator and spare fuel
10
Safety gear (gloves, goggles, respirators, hard hat) 10
Log books, maps, plans, clip boards, pens/pencils 10
HD Flashlights
10
Shovel
5
Tow strap
5
Coffee pot, stove, food rations
5
Sanitary supplies (TP, paper towels, etc.
10
Blankets
10
Innovative design use of recycled / surplus equipment 15
Over all appearance
15
POINTS POSSIBLE: 200
BONUS POINTS POSSIBLE: 100
TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE: 300
--------------------------------------------------------
+ SPECIAL FEATURE - “OUR EMCOMM HERITAGE” - FIRST IN A SERIES
(Courtesy July 1924 QST. Reproduced with permission.)
“P R R” by A. L. Budlong, Secretary,
A.R.R.L. Railroad Emergency Service Committee
“On the night of May 17-18, despite some of the most severe
weather conditions experienced for months, a hard-working crew of A.R.R.L.
stations, located along the lines of the Pennsylvania Railroad System, delivered
correctly 45 out of 50 messages from the four Pennsylvania regional headquarters
at Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago and St. Louis to the main division points
in the system. Ninety per cent delivery! All credit to the men who
during that night performed a heart-breaking task under the worst traffic
conditions imaginable, and there by proved the value of the operating amateur
and the A.R.R.L. as a means of emergency communications.
The story starts last fall. Every O.R.S. (“Official Relay Station” - ed.) in the country was asked to fill out a questionnaire, giving information that would enable railroads to use amateur radio for emergency communication. At the request of Mr. J. C. Johnson, Supt. of Telegraphs of the Pennsylvania Railroad System, all of the offices of that road were supplied with a list of those O.R.S. along the lines who had returned their questionnaires.
During a severe storm in the early part of February, when telegraphic communication was interrupted, attempts on the part of the Pennsylvania Railroad to transmit orders by amateur radio were a dismal failure. Only one message--from Chicago to Pittsburg--got through. It was immediately determined to weed out dead material and then run a test with what was left.
The first act was to send out a short form letter to all the stations on the
original list furnished the Pennsylvania system, stating that only those who
answered the letter would be included in further emergency work, unless
specifically asked. Only about 60 stations responded to the call--yes,
that is meant to be sixty--but these showed a sincere desire to work and an
unquenchable enthusiasm to put over the job for the A.R.R.L., and with them
forming what is known as the “PRR gang” the plans for the test went on.”
(To be continued)
+ IF YOU HAVE AN ANNOUNCEMENT OR SOMETHING OF INTEREST TO REPORT about your ARES
team or other EMCOMM unit...and would like it posted in the 5-1-2+
BULLETIN...send it to: k6soj@arrl.net
+ BACK ISSUES OF THE 5-1-2+ BULLETIN ARE ARCHIVED AT:
www.emcomm.org/svares/archives
+ The “5-1-2+ BULLETIN” - Copyright (c) 2002 - D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ
Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and re-circulate items from this
bulletin providing appropriate credit is given to the “5-1-2 REGIONAL ARES
BULLETIN” and/or the author or originator of the material. Send
corrections, updates, etc. to: k6soj@arrl.net
--- end of bulletin ---