================================================================
“Freedom and Unity”
- Motto of
the Green Mountain State (Vermont)
“Live Free or Die”
- Motto of
the Granite State (New Hampshire)
================================================================
THE EMCOMMWEST BULLETIN - No. 208 - 27 April 2004
===============================================================
A Weekly Bulletin for ARES and other EMCOMM Operators
and Public Safety Officials in “the west”...and beyond.
D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ - Chief Editor - k6soj@arrl.net
Bill Frazier, W7ARC - Washington Associate Editor and Webmaster
Ed Ewell, K7DXV - Assoc. Editor Training / Technical Consultant
Ed Trump, AL7N - Alaska CW Net Manager and Alaska Correspondent
Sgt. Dave Nicholson, KB6PNT - Assoc. Editor and SAR Advisor
INTERNET: www.emcomm.org E-MAIL: k6soj@arrl.net
A.R.R.L. HQ: www.arrl.org/ (Check it daily!)
---------------------------------------------------------------
• RADIO WATCH • MONITOR • CALLING • TRAFFIC • EMCOMM • GUARD •
• EMCOMMWEST: 7111 KHZ DAY / 3711 KHZ NIGHT / 146.52 MHZ 24/7
• ALASKA WATCH/TRAFFIC/CALLING: 3534 / 7042 / 14050 KHZ
• NEVADA ARES MONITOR/CALLING SSB: 3965 KHZ
• NATIONAL RADIO EMERGENCY NETWORK: 7068 / 10122 / 14050 KHZ
---------------------------------------------------------------
L = Current local time in the [PST winter / PDT summer] zone.
Z = Universal Time Coordinated - UTC (same as ZULU and GMT).
==============================================================
HOMELAND SECURITY ALERT LEVEL: ELEVATED
(YELLOW)
===============================================================
IN THIS EDITION ...
+ NEW SUBSCRIBERS
+ SHORT CIRCUITS
+ QUICK QUIZ RESULTS
+ FEEDBACK
+ COMING EVENTS
+ TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION
• COMMENTS FROM VIRGINIA
• PRACTICE RADIOGRAMS SENT APR 21
+ NWS SKYWARN SECTION
+ ECWB INFORMATION
========================================================================
+ WELCOME NEW SUBSCRIBERS -
• John Gladding, N1HLG, North Clarendon, VT - ARES, RACES, Red
Cross
• James Blaine, WD4JZO, Hollis, NH - ARES, SKYWARN
• Jim Pace, K7CEX, Western Washington Section EC
• Arthur Kuhns, KK6PJ, Camp Robert, CA - Army National Guard
+ SHORT CIRCUITS -
• NATIONAL RADIO EMERGENCY NETWORK (NREN)
www.aa8vs.org/nren/
(or) http://68.43.101.244:81/nren/
• 60-METER BAND SURVEY (ONGOING)
Results and updates will periodically be published in
upcoming ECWBs.
(Ref. ECWB #203 at: www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/index.htm)
+ QUICK QUIZ - RESULTS -
To the question: “WHAT DO THESE WORDS HAVE IN COMMON?”
(Absolute, Beat,
Bias, Buoyancy, Degrees, Goose Egg, Gravity, Ground, Japanese, Mostel,
Tolerance.), 13 ECWB readers answered correctly “ZERO”, and were entered
into a random drawing. And the winner: Pam Novak, KD7DGD, Kennewick, WA.
CONGRATULATIONS! Your “TEAM ARES” badge/button is on its way.
+ FEEDBACK, SQUEALS, WHISTLES, SPURIOUS EMISSIONS, and...MUSINGS -
“Ernie Baldini, K4RBD, (another new ECWB subscriber here in Brevard
County) and I have put together a class on net structure, procedures,
traffic handling etc. for a group from several clubs here in Brevard
county.
We use the ARECC-1 course for an outline, but gems I have picked up from
your newsletter added well to the class. It was well received and the
group participation rate was heart warming for me. We used your radiogram
tips and your messages as follow-up to the class. I am thinking I will use
same messages for our upcoming statewide post hurricane. I sure wish I
could get in on your radiogram practice net. Thanks again, and thanks to
Vern, KØEGA out in Las Vegas for turning us on to the ECWB.”
-- Roy Hill, W6QCM, Merritt Island, Florida
Thanks for the great report Roy. We are all pleased to know that
you are
putting some of our material to good use in the “Sunshine State”, and we
all hope that the hurricane season will be unusually mild this year.
It definitely would be nice if you could join us on 75M. But since
you
can’t, I hope your team will consider starting your own regional on-the-air
traffic RADIOGRAM training. In case you missed “HOW TO WRITE TEST
MESSAGES” in (ECWB #199), you may find it helpful to look it up at:
http://www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/number199.htm
If you ever want to try a schedule on 15 or 20M, let me know. That
is,
if you aren’t out aboard your 20’ Proline dropping a fly or lure for some
Tarpon, Snook, Redfish, and possibly some Tripletail*. - Editor
* (I’m not sure what that is Roy, but I sure hope it’s a fish!)
-...-
“Regarding, ‘...on voice, good operators do not say “repeat” or
“I
repeat”. (It sounds too much like "received".) “Say again”
(or “I say
again”) is proper.’ (ECWB #207)
‘Repeat’ is also the military term for ‘fire again.’ My
father was a
forward observer and when artillery or tanks get ‘on target’ with a round,
the FO calls ‘Repeat’ into the radio.” - Ryan Oler, KC7HES, Mesa, AZ
Thanks for the “heads up” Ryan! (Maybe I should say “heads
down”?)
Anyway, I repeat...never say “repeat”. (Unless, of course, you’re a
forward observer and hunkered down and in a bunker.) - Editor
-...-
“Just a note to thank you guys and all who help with the Jefferson Noon
net for putting up with QRP guys like me checking in to the net. My thing
is to use the least antenna I can for ease of set up. I try to be on the
air in very short order and a lot of the time I am very hard to pull out. I
learn a lot from this stuff and again want to thank you all for your
patience. Someday I will show up with a full-blown dipole. What a
thing
that would be!” - Bill Moore, KG6AFA, Mt. Shasta, CA
“No probleema” Bill. We like to help others who enjoy
experimenting with
field operations. And thanks for YOUR participation. - Editor
+ MORE FEEDBACK in TRAINING SECTION (below)
+++ COMING ATTRACTIONS +++
+ NET REMINDER - (4th Wednesday of the month)
• Sacramento Valley Section ARES Net.
• ARES stations anywhere are welcome.
• 1930L 3987± kHz LSB (1982 kHz alternate)
+ ON-THE-AIR RADIOGRAM PRACTICE SESSIONS IN SSB
• SENDING STATION: TBA - RECEIVING STATION: TBA
• WEDNESDAY EVENING on 3987 kHz ±
• TRAFFIC will begin shortly after the ARRL/ARES NET. (Approx. 1945-2000)
• NON-HF HAMS AND SWLS ARE INVITED TO LISTEN AND COPY.
• RENO, NV VHF stations: The RADIOGRAM(S) will be re-transmitted on the
Western Nevada Noon Net (WNNN) on 147.150+//147.210+ (123.0) Thursdays.
• A SPECIAL CERTIFICATE IS AVAILABLE to anyone who submits a correct
copy of at least one of the transmitted RADIOGRAMS postmarked within
three (3) days of the practice session.
• Use standard ARRL RADIOGRAM format and send to: EMCOMM, PO Box 99,
Macdoel, CA 96058. (Enclose a #10 self-addressed stamped
envelope.)
• CHECK YOUR COPY FOR ACCURACY. Last week’s RADIOGRAMS are in the
ECWB Training Section (below).
+ RADIOGRAM TRAINING AND PRACTICE SUGGESTIONS -
We have received reports that ARES operators in other sections/states are
listening in and coping these practice RADIOGRAMS. In at least three
states, local ARES teams have implemented training in formal message
traffic (RADIOGRAMS) based upon these sessions. The goal is to have EVERY
ARES MEMBER trained, practiced, and experienced in this essential skill!
Operators without HF privileges or an HF station still need to learn and
practice.
Here are two suggestions (for those within range of course) that may help
achieve this goal and also serve to make this effort it worth our time:
1) Organize small “study groups” to meet at a HF capable ham’s
shack, an
EOC or club station, or the home of anyone with a short-wave receiver.
Pass out blank forms and have your members copy the RADIOGRAMS. Follow the
on-the-air session with a discussion period and refreshments. Have printed
reference material, such as the ARRL Net Directory on hand.
2) Tape record the on-the-air sessions and play them back at your local
meetings. Provide blank forms and have your ARES members copy the
RADIOGRAMS. Follow with a critique and discussion period (and
refreshments)! Have printed reference material, such as the ARRL Net
Directory on hand.
+ UPDATE - EMCOMMWEST 2004 - RENO, NEVADA - “THE CROSSROADS OF THE WEST”
• May 22-23, 2004
• Fred W. Traner Middle School
(Near the junction of I-80 and U.S. Hwy 395)
• Added this year: “RENO SPRING HAM SWAP”
• VE TESTING
• ADDITIONAL INFO AND FREQUENT UPDATES:
EMCOMMWEST 2004: www.emcommwest.org/
RENO SPRING HAM SWAP: www.nvrams.org/SpringHamSwap2004.asp
EMCOMMWEST B-B-Q: www.satern-reno.org/EMCOMM_BBQ.htm
====================================================================
+++ TRAINING and CONTINUING EDUCATION SECTION +++
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ COMMENTS FROM VIRGINIA -
“We teach only the ICS Form 213 and no longer use the NTS radiogram for
RACES operations in Virginia. The 5x5 NTS form is inadequate for most EM
and served agency traffic, which often requires longer messages. Most
Virginia localities use either traditional ICS or are in the process of
transition to the Nation Incident Management System or NIMS. Most local
EOC message forms and our state EOC forms are variants of the ICS 213.
The arcane sending protocol of the NTS form, based on CW telegraphy,
with its format of preamble headers, coded "HX" instructions and ARL
numbered radiograms in the check are contrary to the PLAIN LANGUAGE and
COMMON TERMINOLOGY taught in ICS. The NTS 5x5 form is not intuitive
when delivering messages to served agency employees who are
non-amateurs. The secretary on the other end of the phone hasn't the
faintest idea what an INITIAL X-RAY is, so we teach PERIOD instead of
X-RAY to end a sentence, or "DOT, I spell Delta Oscar Tango" if it is
a
separator in a list of groups, such as an email address.
EmCom operators should be trained to expeditiously send the traffic as
submitted, regardless of the form or format. Transcribing formal traffic
onto different forms than those used by the served agency wastes time
and defeats the traffic handler's primary mantra to MOVE THE MESSAGE
FORWARD.”
- Ed Harris, KE4SKY, Virginia RACES Deputy State Emergency Radio Officer
for Training and Safety.
-...-
+ YES VIRGINIA...THERE IS STILL A NEED FOR RADIOGRAMS!
Thanks for sharing your comments Ed. I agree with your last four
words,
but I would also add RELIABLY and ACCURATELY.
Comparing ICS 213 with the ARRL RADIOGRAM is like comparing avocados and
watermelons. I have seen various message “forms” come and go over the
years. The ICS form 213 that you mention is really the old office SPEED
MEMO Form AD-311, which has been used by government agencies for decades.
These are similar to the (generic) stationary store triplicate NCR paper
“office memorandum” form, that has been around for as long as I can
remember.
This type of form works well for informal written/typed office and
inter-office messages and are usually hand delivered by courier and/or
popped into a pneumatic tube delivery system. (Vacuum tube?)
Since RACES handles only government traffic and no “welfare”
private
messages, ICS 213 should work OK since most RACES traffic is only between
two points (PTP) within a “closed” network where everyone involved is
familiar with the format. (A recent “straw poll” asked what format was
being used by state RACES units. Five states replied. All five are
using
different formats.)
If an agency or member of the general public, needs to send a message
that must go via ARES or NTS, an office-memo style form can be used for the
person to write down what it is that they want to say and/or ask, and then
give it to a trained “counter person” for formatting. They will need
to
have as complete an address as possible, plus a telephone number if
available. (See: “MESSAGE FORMATTING - THE COUNTER PERSON” by Ed
Ewell,
K7DXV, ECWB #174, at: www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/number174.htmor).
If you allow personnel that are unfamiliar with RADIOGRAMS to format (and
receive direct) formal message traffic...you will have problems.
After a message is transmitted, the ICS 213 form (two copies) should be
retained at the sending station. If a reply to the originator is received,
one copy of the ICS-213 (or whatever) with the original message and the
reply (if any) should be attached to the actual RADIOGRAM copy(s) and
filed/retained by the sending/receiving station.
The ICS 213 does not work well (by itself) for formal radio message
(record) traffic. If used for that purpose it will take much longer to
send and receive messages whether in voice or CW since the space
words/titles (TO, POSITION, FROM, POSITION, ETC.) would probably be have to
be included. I count eleven of these “extra words” (61 characters) in
a
message. That’s a lot of extra brass pounding or speaking in voice
transmissions. Especially if conditions are poor and phonetics are needed!
Since the RADIOGRAM format is standardized, the preamble space names
(NUMBER, PRECEDENCE, HX, STATION OF ORIGIN, ETC.) are not transmitted.
I have monitored RACES exercises where the operators’ procedures were
so
pathetic, that I finally turned my receiver off! In one example I heard
two operators spend over a half-hour attempting to pass a message. They
never did get it accurately delivered.
ICS 213 has no designated place for an address, telephone number or a
place to indicate the precedence of the message. A sending, relay, or
receiving operator would not be able to prioritize the message, except
maybe to take the time to read the text, and then make his/her own
determination as to a what priority to send, forward, or deliver a message.
(This is unacceptable. A postal worker does not determine the priority of
a piece of mail. Only the sender does.)
Also, there is no provision for a word count (check). Operators
along
the traffic’s route have no way to verify a word count and ascertain if any
words have been dropped (or added.)
Since there is no simple/brief way to indicate handling instructions (HX)
in ICS 213, that could potentially create a lot of unnecessary back and
forth traffic such as, ”The addressee won’t be here until tomorrow.
What
should I do?” In a RADIOGRAM a simple HXF APR 29 eliminates that
problem.
A RADIOGRAM serves a completely different purpose than ICS 213. It
uses
a format and procedure that was designed and developed to provide a
fool-proof-as-possible way to pass third party formal (record) message
traffic; each with an assigned precedence (EMERGENCY, PRIORITY, WELFARE or
ROUTINE), over long and often circuitous routes (which are often necessary
due to propagation patterns). If the traffic needs to change modes along
the way, the RADIOGRAM format ensures that the message will be delivered
with a high degree of accuracy and reliability.
If everyone uses the same traffic format/protocol, traffic will flow
smoothly and with minimal delay. The Greek’s have a word for this.
It is
“symphonia”. Imagine how a symphony orchestra would sound if one or
two
members were playing from the wrong musical score. The Greek’s have a
word
for this also. ”Cacophony”!
The time-tested and proven standardized RADIOGRAM format, is still the
simplest, easiest to learn, most universal, most reliable, and (overall)
the fastest, message format/system that has ever been developed! And it
ensures accountability by providing a “record” of every station a message
has passed.
This is not just the “ARRL” or “NTS” format. RADIOGRAMS
have been
successfully used worldwide, by commercial, maritime, and even postal
services (with only minor variations) for well over 100 years.
Further, this is not a CW only system. RADIOGRAMS can be relayed
via any
mode (CW, voice, digital) interchangeably, and even with the most
rudimentary type of equipment (blinking light?) imaginable. They are
easily forwarded via local, regional, area, and international nets.
Whether it is NTS or ARES, a typical flow is: station of origin >
local
net > section net > regional net > area net > regional net >
section net >
local net > addressee. In large-scale incidents special inbound and
outbound traffic circuits can be established to handle high volumes of
traffic between key locations.
RADIOGRAMS are standard operating procedure in all states, territories,
and most foreign countries. They work well for any and all agencies,
private or government, not to mention the general public.
As for those who would like to “re-invent the wheel”, imagine for a
moment, that you or I were to walk up to the counter of a service provider
such as a Western Union office, or a Fed-Ex agent (to send a parcel), or a
bank (to apply for a loan), or even a prospective employer; and say,
“Please process my message or package or loan or job application. And,
oh
yes, I use my own forms, here is mine already filled out.” How well do
you
think that would be accepted?
I once had a ham in another state tell me (quote): “Oh, that’s
the
ARRL’s way. We don’t do it that way here!” Maybe he thought
that messages
never came into his state from elsewhere, or that they never will need to
send a message outside of their state. My reply was, “Do the railroads
in
your state use a different gauge?” (Now THAT would present a major
problem!)
As EMCOMM operators WE are the providers of an essential service.
Don’t
you agree that WE (the service provider) should have some say-so about how
WE do OUR job? I sure don’t try to tell the U.S. Postal Service how to
do
their job. (Although I have been tempted to do that a few times!)
I did some research recently and learned that the AVERAGE commercial
maritime RADIOGRAM (over a many decade history) was just 28 words! If long
message texts are required, there is a protocol to split a message into two
parts. (E.g. - Message NR 25a followed by NR 25b).
I am aware that “plain language” and “common terminology” is
being
promoted by many public agencies. In my opinion there is no such thing as
“plain language”. In today’s pluralistic and “anything goes”
world,
coupled with a declining general literacy level, this idea does not help to
facilitate accurate communication. What may be clear text or plain
language here, may not be so clear across the county; or, even in the next
neighborhood!
In major incidents automated computer controlled circuits will be the
first to crash. Access to satellite systems may be restricted (if they are
still working), and cell phone and landline circuits will be overloaded and
jammed after they are restored. Skilled amateur radio traffic handlers,
with self-sufficient EMCOMM stations, will be few and far between.
If we are really serious about learning how to communicate effectively,
using simple, reliable, inexpensive equipment; on behalf of people in all
countries, of all languages, dialects, cultures, sub-cultures, and local
customs...Morse is really the most reliable and is the only truly
“universal” language! But whether we use Morse or voice...it takes
commitment and effort and practice and experience and time and patience.
(Rare commodities today.)
As long as people who are not familiar with radio message traffic
handling are setting policies and procedures, my guess is that we will
continue to have confusion on this issue.
Hopefully these comments will help to slow the trend of abandoning what
has worked so very well for over one hundred years. - D W Thorne K6SOJ
-...-
NOTE: - The separator X-RAY and other prosigns and prowords are not read or
written in a RADIOGRAM when delivered. Ref. ARRL manuals and/or “THE
LAST
MILE” by Ed Trump, AL7N, ECWB #152 which covers the DELIVERY of formal
message traffic very well at: www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/number159.htm
ORIGINATING MESSAGES is at: www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/number157.htm
RELAYING THIRD PARTY TRAFFIC: www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/number158.htm
==========================================================================
+ RADIOGRAMS SENT APRIL 21 ON 3987 (SSB)
SENDING STATION K6SOJ - RECEIVING STATION K7DXV
===============================================
302 TEST R K6SOJ 14 MACDOEL CA APR 21
THROCKMORTON P GILDERSLEEVE
41 FIRVIEW DR
LOS ANGELES CA 90023
213 555 1480
TEST MESSAGE X TORNADO MISSED
WATERTOWN X EVERYONE OK X
SLIGHT DAMAGE TO DRUGSTORE
PEAVEY
===========================================
109 TEST R K6SOJ 17 MACDOEL CA DEC 31
SKIP DAILY
1159 N CLOCK ST
CALENDAR TOWN CA 12000
TEST MESSAGE X THE PROCRASTINATORS
ANONYMOUS MEETING HAS BEEN POSTPONED
UNTIL THE SECOND TUESDAY OF
NEXT WEEK
BEN LAITER
==========================================================================
“For want of a letter, a word was lost.
For want of a word, the message was
lost.
For want of a message, a life was lost.”
==========================================================================
RADIOGRAM PRACTICE EVERY WEDNESDAY ON 3987±KHZ AFTER NET (APPROX. 2000PST)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSESS your current skill level by taking the “TRAFFIC HANDLER’S
CHALLENGE”
at: www.emcomm.org (main page)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
RECITE the “TRAFFIC HANDLER’S MANTRA” often to help remember the eight
parts of the preamble:
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority • Traffic •
Delayed”
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority • Traffic •
Delayed”
“No • Prepared • Ham • Should • Copy • Priority • Traffic •
Delayed”
(NUMBER-PRECEDENCE-HX-STATION OF ORIGIN-CHECK-PLACE OF ORIGIN-TIME-DATE)
========================================================================
+++++ REFERENCE/RESOURCE SECTION +++++
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ICS-ARCT GUIDE: www.emcomm.org/ARCT/
+ PHONETICS: www.emcomm.org/svares/training/itu_phonetics_10_30_2001.htm
+ CALCULATOR DOT COM - http://www.calculator.com/
+ NVIS PROPAGATION MAPS - http://www.w0ipl.com/ECom/NVIS/NVISprop.htm
+ GEAR AND EQUIPMENT LIST: www.emcomm.org
(Click on GEAR LIST)
+ TRAFFIC HANDLER’S CHALLENGE: www.emcomm.org
(click bar on main page).
+ ARRL FSD-218. The famous “pink card” that contains (almost)
“everything
you ever needed to know about RADIOGRAMS”. An electronic version of the
FSD-218 is available at: http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/forms/#fsd-218
+ NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM (NTS) Methods and Practices Guidelines:
http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/nts-mpg/
+ NTS page by W7ARC: http://www.w7arc.com/nts/
+ NATIONAL RADIO EMERGENCY NETWORK (NREN)
www.aa8vs.org/nren/ (or) http://68.43.101.244:81/nren/
+ PACIFIC AREA TRAFFIC NETS: http://home.earthlink.net/~k7bfl/nwnets.html
+ U. S. AIR FORCE Search and Rescue SURVIVAL MANUAL (AFM 64-5 Aug. 1969) -
Reference Charts - (Print and Save)
GROUND-TO-AIR (close-in) VISUAL SIGNALS:
http://www.emcomm.org/drawings/Ground_to_Air_Signaling_mid.jpg
GROUND-TO-AIR EMERGENCY CODE:
http://www.emcomm.org/drawings/Ground_to_Air_Emergency_Code_mid.jpg
MIRROR (and other) SIGNALING:
http://www.emcomm.org/drawings/Mirror_Signaling_mid.jpg
+ HIGHWAY CAMERAS MASTER INDEX PAGE NOW EMCOMM.ORG -
http://www.emcomm.org/highway_cameras.htm
===========================================================================
+++ NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SKYWARN SECTION +++
=== MEDFORD -- RENO -- SACRAMENTO -- EUREKA ===
=== CALIFORNIA/NEVADA/OREGON NWS OFFICE MAP: ===
www.stormready.noaa.gov/stormmaps/ca-cwa.htm
=== NWS - ARRL MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING: ===
www.arrl.org/FandES/field/mou/weather.html
=== REGIONAL NWS SKYWARN NET: WEDNESDAYS AT 1915 PTZ on 3987
Consult your SKYWARN coordinator for your area for local net information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ MEDFORD NWS (WX7MFR) SKYWARN NEWS AND INFORMATION -
OREGON: Curry, Coos, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, and Lake
Counties. CALIFORNIA: Modoc and Siskiyou Counties.
• Jim Reynolds, KD7MLO, Warning Coordination Meteorologist
• Gary Peterson, N7GK, SKYWARN Coordinator
• D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ, Asst. SKYWARN Coordinator
• 2004 MEDFORD NWS SUMMER WEATHER SPOTTER TRAINING SCHEDULE IS AT:
• MEDFORD NWS SKYWARN WEBSITE: www.emcomm.org/skywarn
------------------------------------------------------------------
+ RENO NWS (WX7RNO) SKYWARN NEWS AND INFORMATION -
• RENO FORECAST AREA MAP: www.emcomm.org/reno/index.html
• Wendell Hohmann, KD7ZEU, (Interim) Warning Coordination Meteorologist
• Matt Parker, N7TOD - SKYWARN Coordinator
• http://renoskywarn.org/
------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SACRAMENTO NWS SKYWARN NEWS AND INFORMATION
• Kathryn Hoxsie, KC8CLO - Warning Coordination Meteorologist
--------------------------------------------------------------
+ ARIZONA SKYWARN - http://www.arizona-skywarn.org/
• 2004 ARIZONA NWS SUMMER WEATHER SPOTTER TRAINING SCHEDULE IS AT:
• www.wrh.noaa.gov/Phoenix/general/skywarn/index.html#training
--------------------------------------------------------------
+ CANWARN (Canada “SKYWARN”)
http://hamster.ivey.uwo.ca/~dcolvin/canwarn/what.htm
========================================================================
+ EMCOMMWEST BULLETIN GENERAL INFORMATION
• SUBSCRIBE TO EMCOMMWEST BULLETIN: www.emcomm.org/subscription.htm
• HOW IS EMCOMMWEST AND EMCOMM.ORG FUNDED?
There are no charges, dues, or membership fees for the EMCOMMWEST Bulletin
or EMCOMM.ORG. The domain name, server, and other costs for EMCOMM.ORG are
funded solely by dedicated EMCOMM operators. We accept no commercial
advertisements and the EMCOMM.ORG is “pop up” and “ad free”. If
you have
benefited from our efforts, and would like to say thanks by supporting this
work in a tangible way; you may do so by sending a few green stamps, or a
check made payable to: EMCOMM. Mail to: EMCOMM, PO Box 99, Macdoel, CA
96058. A receipt will be issued upon request.
Your donation is an outright gift and is NOT tax-deductible.
• THANK YOU TO THESE RECENT EMCOMMWEST SUPPORTERS:
- Roy Hill, W6QCM, Merritt Island, Florida
To those that would like to support our work, send only whatever you
think the ECWB and EMCOMM.ORG is worth to you.
• BACK ISSUES OF THE EMCOMMWEST BULLETIN
and (the former 5-1-2+ BULLETIN) ARE ARCHIVED AT:
www.emcomm.org/svares/archives/
• SEARCH FEATURE AT EMCOMM.ORG
Ever try to locate an article in a past issue of the bulletin?
Or, maybe you’re a new subscriber, and you are interested in knowing if a
particular subject has ever been addressed in a former bulletin.
Or...maybe you are just doing some research.
The “site search” feature at www.emcomm.org
may be just what you need!
• The “EMCOMMWEST BULLETIN” - Copyright (c) 2004 - D. W. Thorne, K6SOJ
Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and re-circulate items from this
bulletin providing appropriate credit is given to the “EMCOMMWEST
BULLETIN” and/or the author or originator of the material. Send
corrections, updates, etc. to: k6soj@arrl.net
=== ECWB #208 END ===
